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2021 Impact Factor 1.766
5-Year Impact Factor 1.674
aThe Institute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 1-7.
The study investigated the impact of substrate pretreatment on depositing high-quality B-doped diamond (BDD) thin films using the HFCVD method. Films were deposited on Si and Nb substrates after sanding and seeding. Despite identical sanding conditions, BDD films formed faster on Nb due to even diamond seed distribution. Post-deposition, film average roughness (Ra) remained similar to substrate Ra, but higher substrate Ra led to decreased crystallinity. Nb substrate with 0.83 μm Ra exhibited faster crystal growth due to dense, evenly distributed diamond seeds. BDD film on Nb with 0.83 μm Ra showed a wide, stable potential window (2.8 eV) in CV results and a prominent 1332 cm-1 diamond peak in Raman spectroscopy, indicating high quality. The findings underscore the critical role of substrate pretreatment in achieving high-quality BDD film fabrication, crucial for applications demanding robust p-type semiconductors with superior electrical properties.
Boron-doped diamond; HF-CVD; Sanding process; Seeding process; Potential window
aR&D Center, As Tech, Republic of Korea bSurface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea cAdvanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 8-13.
Anodizing of Al6061 alloy was conducted in two different electrolytes of 20% sulfuric acid and 8% sulfuric acid + 3 % oxalic acid solutions at a constant current or decreasing current density conditions, and its dielectric breakdown voltage was measured. The surface morphology of anodic oxide films was observed by TEM and thermal treatment was carried out at 400 ℃ for 2 h to evaluate the resistance of the anodic oxide films to crack initiation. The anodic oxide film formed in 8% sulfuric acid + 3 % oxalic acid solution showed higher dielectric breakdown voltage and better resistance to crack initiation at 400 ℃ than that formed in 20% sulfuric acid solution. The dielectric breakdown voltage increased 6 ~12% by applying decreasing current density comparing with a constant current density.
Anodizing; Oxide film; Al6061 alloy; Constanct current density; Decreasing current density.
aPlasma Coating R & D Center, JNLTECH Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea bDepartment of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 14-21.
For this study, CrAlN multilayer coatings were deposited on SKD61 substrates using a multi-arc ion plating technique. The structural characteristics of the CrAlN multilayer coatings were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the adhesion of the coatings was assessed through scratch testing, and the mechanical strength was evaluated using nanoindentation and tribometric tests for frictional properties. The results show that the CrAlN multilayer coatings possess a uniform and dense structure with excellent mechanical strength. Hardness measurements indicated that the CrAlN coatings have high hardness values, and both the coating adhesion and wear resistance were found to be improved compared to CrN. The addition of aluminum is anticipated to contribute to enhanced durability and wear resistance.
CrAlN Coating; PVD; Linear ion source; Mass Production.
Interdisciplinary Program in Advanced Functional Materials and Devices Development, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 22-30.
This study reports a direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of LiCoO2 (LCO) powders to apply as highly efficient cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). The CNT synthesis was performed using a thermal chemical vapor deposition apparatus with temperatures from 575 to 625 °C. Ferritin molecules as growth catalyst of CNTs were mixed in deionized (DI) water with various concentrations from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/mL. Then, the LCO powders was dissolved in the ferritin solution at a ratio of 1g/mL. To obtain catalytic iron nanoparticles on the LCO surface, the LCO-ferritin suspension was dropped in silicon dioxide substrates and calcined under air at 550°C. Subsequently, the direct growth of CNTs on LCO powders was performed using a mixture of acetylene (10 sccm) and hydrogen (100 sccm) for 10 min. The growth behavior was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The optimized condition yielding high structural quality and amount of CNTs was 600 °C and 0.5 mg/mL. The obtained materials will be developded as cathode materials in LIB.
Direct growth; Carbon nanotubes; LCO powder; Cathode materials; Lithium ion batteries.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 22212 Incheon, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 31-37.
The surge in demand for lithium is primarily fueled by the expanding electric vehicle market, the necessity for renewable energy storage, and governmental initiatives aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. This study proposes a straightforward method for lithium extraction utilizing cellulose nanofiber (CNF) via a vacuum filtration process. This approach yields a porous CNF film, showcasing its potential utility as a lithium extractor and indicator. Given its abundance and eco-friendly characteristics, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) emerges as a material offering both economic and environmental advantages over traditional lithium extraction techniques. Hence, this research not only contributes to lithium recovery but also presents a sustainable solution to meet the growing demand for lithium in energy storage technologies.
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF); Lithiation; Lithium extraction; Lithium indicator.
aSchool of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 31253, Republic of Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea cDepartment of Information Security Engineering, Sangmyung University Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 38-48.
We fabricated In2O3 zig-zag nanocolumns(ZZNCs) by oblique angle deposition method based on e-beam evaporator for highly sensitive and selective CH3COCH3 sensor. Our results indicate that as the ZZNCs layer stacks, the gas response also increases. In comparison to thin films, ZZNCs at 5 layer show a 117-fold enhancement in gas response and a rapid response time (~2 s). When measured with various gases, it showed a high selectivity towards acetone. Under conditions of R.H. 80%, exposure to CH3COCH3 gas theoretically indicated a detection limit of 1.2 part-per-billion(ppb). These results suggest the potential of In2O3 ZZNCs as a breath analyzer for the diagnosis of diabetes.
aAlternative Fuels and Power System Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon 34103, Korea bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 49-56.
Superhydrophobic surfaces have been expected to be able to provide considerable performance improvements and introduce innovative functions across diverse industries. However, representative methods for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces include etching the substrate or attaching nano-sized particles, but they have been limited by problems such as applicability to only a few materials or low adhesion between particles and substrates, resulting in a short lifetime of superhydrophobic properties. In this work, we report a novel coating technique that can achieve superhydrophobicity by electrophoretic deposition of aluminum nitride (AlN) nanopowders and their self-bonding to form a surface structure without the use of binder resins through a hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, by using a water-soluble adhesive as a temporary shield for the electrophoretic deposited AlN powders, hierarchical aluminum hydroxide structures can be strongly adhered to a variety of electrically conductive substrates. This binder-free technique for creating hierarchical structures that exhibit strong adhesion to a variety of substrates significantly expands the practical applicability of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Superhydrophobic surface; Aluminum nitride nanopowder; Electrophoretic deposition; Hydrolysis reaction
Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 57-70.
Nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are increasingly prominent in the energy storage system due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, they face significant challenges, such as rapid capacity fading and structural instability during high-voltage operation cycles. Addressing these issues, numerous researchers have studied the enhancement of electrochemical performance through the coating of NCM cathode materials with substances like metal oxides, lithium composites, and polymers. Coating these cathode materials serves several critical functions: it acts as a protection barrier against electrolyte decomposition, mitigates the dissolution of transition metals, enhances the structural integrity of the electrode, and can even improve the ionic conductivity of the cathode. Ultimately, these improvements lead to better cycle stability, increased efficiency, and enhanced overall battery life, which are crucial for the advancement of NCM-based lithium-ion batteries in high-demand applications. So, this paper will review various cathode coating materials and examine the roles each plays in improving battery performance.
Lithium ion batteries; surface coating; cathode; electrochemical performance.
School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 71-85.
This article provides an overview of Raman spectroscopy and its practical applications for surface analysis of semiconductor processes including real-time monitoring. Raman spectroscopy is a technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide information on molecular structure and vibrations. Since its inception in 1928, Raman spectroscopy has undergone continuous development, and with the advent of SERS(Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy), TERS(Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy), and confocal Raman spectroscopy, it has proven to be highly advantageous in nano-scale analysis due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and non-destructive nature. In the field of semiconductor processing, Raman spectroscopy is particularly useful for substrate stress and interface characterization, quality analysis of thin films, elucidation of etching process mechanisms, and detection of residues.
Raman Spectroscopy; Semiconductor Processing; Surface analysis; In-situ monitoring.
aR&D center, YKMC Inc., bYKMC Inc.
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 86-91.
In this study, we investigated the effect of Na2SiO3 concentration on the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation(PEO) film formation of Al6061 alloy. The morphology of the PEO films were examined by Optical Microscope(OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). PEO film thickness increases as the Na2SiO3 concentration increases. The elemental analysis of PEO films was conducted using Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer(EDS). The cross-sectional elemental analysis result shows that the Si concentration tends to increase as the concentration of Na2SiO3 increases. X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to confirm the degree of phase change according to Na2SiO3 concentration. In addition, Vickers hardness was measured to confirm the mechanical strength of the PEO film. As the concentration of Na2SiO3 increases, the hardness value also tends to increase.
Plasma electrolytic oxidation; Unipolar pulse; Al6061; Sodium silicate
aKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Surface Technology Division, bAdvanced Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST)
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 92-97.
The LiBr aqueous solution, which is the absorption liquid of absorption refrigerator, must be replaced periodically because the concentration of impurities such as Cu2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, etc., increases due to corrosion of the tubes as the period of use increases, and the refrigeration efficiency decreases significantly. In order to reuse the waste absorption liquid, flocculation-precipitation method is mainly applied to precipitate the impurities, which requires hundreds of times the concentration of impurities and generates additional waste. In this study, a process for removing Cu ion impurities from cyclone electrolyzer by electrolytic reduction is presented in a small-scale facility without additional waste. It was confirmed that Cu ion impurities can be removed down to 1 ppm by electrolytic reduction process, and to further improve the removal rate, the mass transfer rate was increased by using a cyclone electrolyzer. The removal rate of Cu ions increased with the increase of flow rate and current density, and it was confirmed that Cu was removed at a rate of 1.48 ppm/h under the condition of 330 mL/sec and 2.5 mA/cm2.
Absorption refrigerator, Lithium bromide, Copper ion impurity, Electrowinning, Cyclone
aEA Bios Corporation, bEnergy System Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 98-104.
In order to overcome the urban heat island effect, highly functional paint is attracting attention as a promising means by shielding heat on the structure (building) surface. When a paint was prepared containing nano-sized silica particles, the heat-insulating performance was relatively higher than that of paints with other sizes. In addition, developed paints showed enhanced properties such as chemical resistance and abrasion resistance test because of the presence of nano-sized silica included in functional paint.
Nano silica, Size trend, Infrared reflective coating, Urban heat island, Surface treatment
aHeat & Surface Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, bYujin SMC Co., cDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 105-114.
Tempering behavior and mechanical properties in AISI H13 steel, quenched and tempered from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃ for different tempering time (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 hr) were quantitatively investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), impact test machine, rockwell apparatus, ball-on-disk tester. Under the condition that the tempering time is 2 hours, the hardness increases slightly as the tempering temperature increases, but decreases rapidly when the tempering temperature exceeds 500 ℃, while the impact energy increases in proportion to the tempering temperature. Friction tests were conducted in dry condition with a load of 30 N, and the friction coefficient and wear rate according to tempering conditions were measured to prove the correlation with hardness and microstructure. In addition, primary tempering from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃ was performed at various times to establish a kinetic model to predict hardness under specific tempering conditions.
hot-work steel; tempering condition; impact energy; wear resistance
a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, b Core Facility Center for Sustainable Energy Materials, Inha University, c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 115-124.
In advancing Li-ion battery (LIB) technology, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer is critical for enhancing battery longevity and performance. Formed during the charging process, the SEI layer is essential for controlling ion transport and maintaining electrode stability. This research provides a detailed analysis of how vinylene carbonate (VC) influences SEI layer formation. The integration of VC into the electrolyte markedly improved SEI properties. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed a connection between electrolyte decomposition and battery degradation, linked to the EMC esterification and dicarboxylate formation processes. VC facilitated the formation of a more uniform and chemically stable SEI layer enriched with poly(VC), thereby enhancing mechanical resilience and electrochemical stability. These findings deepen our understanding of the role of electrolyte additives in SEI formation, offering a promising strategy to improve the efficiency and lifespan of LIBs.
Lithium-ion battery; Solid electrolyte interface layer; Electrolyte decomposition; Vinylene carbonate
a School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea b SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea c Department of Photovoltaic System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea d Department of Semiconductor Display Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 125-139.
As the limits of semiconductor integration are approached, the challenges in semiconductor processes have intensified. And, for the production of semiconductors with dimensions under a few nanometers and to resolve the issues related to nanoscale device fabrication, research on atomic layer etching (ALE) technology has been conducted. The investigation related to ALE encompasses not only silicon and dielectric materials but also metallic materials. Particularly, there is an increasing need for ALE in next-generation metal materials that could replace copper in interconnect materials. This brief review will summarize the concept and methods of ALE and describe recent studies on potential next-generation metal replacements for copper, along with their ALE processes.
atomic layer etching (ALE); metal; plasma ALE; thermal ALE.
School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 140-154.
As the trend towards miniaturization in semiconductor integration process, the limitations of interconnection metals such as copper, tungsten have become apparent, prompting research into the emergence of new materials like cobalt and emphasizing the importance of studying the corresponding process conditions. During the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, corrosion inhibitors are added to the slurry, forming passivation layers on the cobalt surface, thereby playing a crucial role in controlling the dissolution rate of the metal surface, enhancing both removal rate and selectivity. This review investigates the understanding of the cobalt polishing process and examines the characteristics and behavior of corrosion inhibitors, a type of slurry additive, on the cobalt surface. Among the corrosion inhibitors examined, benzotriazole (BTA), 1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and potassium oleate (PO) all improved surface characteristics through their interaction with cobalt. These findings provide important guidelines for selecting corrosion inhibitors to optimize CMP processes for cobalt-based semiconductor materials. Future research should explore combinations of various corrosion inhibitors and the development of new compounds to further enhance the efficiency of semiconductor processes.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing; Corrosion Inhibitor; Passivation layer; Slurry.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 155-164.
Physical properties of carbon nanomaterials are dependent on their nanostructures and they are modified by diverse synthesis methods. Among them, thermal plasma method stands out for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials by controlling chemical and physical reactions through various design and operating conditions such as plasma torch type, plasma gas composition, power capacity, raw material injection rate, quenching rate, kinds of precursors, and so on. The method enables the production of carbon nanomaterials with various nanostructures and characteristics. The high-energy integration at high-temperature region thermal plasma to the precursor is possible to completely vaporize precursors, and the vaporized materials are rapidly condensed to the nanomaterials due to the rapid quenching rate by sharp temperature gradient. The synthesized nanomaterials are averagely in several nanometers to 100 nm scale. Especially, the thermal plasma was validated to synthesize low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes and graphene, which hold immense promise for future applications.
carbon nanomaterials; synthesis; thermal plasma; nanomaterials.
aSchool of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea bSKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea cDepartment of Photovoltaic System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea dDepartment of Semiconductor and Display Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 165-178.
In semiconductor memory device manufacturing, the capability for high aspect ratio contact (HARC) etching determines the density of memory device. Given that there is no standardized definition of "high" in high aspect ratio, it is crucial to continuously monitor recent technology trends to address technological gaps. Not only semiconductor memory manufacturing companies such as Samsung Electronics, SK Hynix, and Micron but also semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies such as Lam Research, Applied Materials, Tokyo Electron, and SEMES release annual reports on HARC etching technology. Although there is a gap in technological focus between semiconductor mass production environments and various research institutes, the results from these institutes significantly contribute by demonstrating fundamental mechanisms with empirical evidence, often in collaboration with industry researchers. This paper reviews recent studies on HARC etching and the study of dielectric etching in various technologies.
High Aspect Ratio Contact(HARC) Etching; Dielectric Etching; Silicon Oxide Etching; Silicon Nitride Etching; Memory Device Manufacturing.
aDepartment of Coast Gurad Sutdies, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea bDepartment of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea cDepartment of Marine System Engineering, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea dKorea Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 179-191.
This study focuses on improving the photocatalytic degradation efficiency by synthesizing a TiO2/WO3 composite. Given the environmental significance of photocatalysis and the limitations posed by TiO2's large bandgap and high electron recombination rate, we explored doping, surface modification, and synthesis strategies. The composite was created using a ball mill process and heat treatment, analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscope, high resolution X-ray diffraction, Raman microscope, and UV-Vis/NIR spectrometer to examine its morphology, composition and absorbance. We found that incorporating WO3 into the TiO2 lattice forms a Wx-Ti1-x-O2 solution, with optimal WO3 content reducing the band gap and enhancing sterilization efficiency by inhibiting the anatasese to rutile transition. This contributes to the field by offering a way to overcome TiO2's limitations and improve photocatalytic performance.
TiO2; WO3; Photocatalysis; Ball mill; Heat treatment
aKorea Maritime and Ocean University, Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Busan 49112, Korea bKorean Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Busan 49112, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 192-200.
Cu as a heat exchanger tube is an important component in thermal fluid transfer. However, Cu tubes are exposed to stress in certain environments, leading to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In this study, the effect of Sn addition on microstructure and corrosion characteristics was examined. The microstructural examination revealed the presence of columnar crystal and a grain refinement due to the addition of Sn. Electrochemical measurements showed that the 5 wt.% NH3 environment was the most vulnerable environment to Cu corrosion, and the corrosion current density increased as stress increased. The immersion test exhibited the formation of Cu2O and Cu(OH)2 corrosion product in 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 5 wt.% NH3 environments, respectively. Results indicated that Sn addition to Cu was an important factor in improving the mechanical strength.
Cu tube; Sn addition; U-bending; Stress corrosion cracking (SCC); Immersion test; Corrosion characteristics.
aR&D center, YKMC Inc., 77-34 Yeonamyulgeum-ro, Asan 31413, Korea bYKMC Inc., 161, Asanvalleyjungang-ro, Asan 31409, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 201-207.
This study compared the chemical resistance properties according to various sealing treatment methods for the anode film formed during the anodization process of Al6061 alloy. Al6061 aluminum was used in four different sealing treatment methods: boiling water sealing, lithium sealing, nickel sealing, and pressurized sealing, and each sample was evaluated for corrosion resistance through a 5% HCl bubble test and the microstructure was observed through a scanning electron microscope(SEM). According to the results, corrosion resistance increased as time and temperature increased in all sealing treatment methods. Relatively, corrosion resistance was high in the order of boiling water sealing, lithium sealing, nickel sealing, and pressure sealing, and the best corrosion resistance was found in pressure sealing. These research results can be helpful in selecting a process necessary to improve the efficiency and performance of anodizing process in the industrial field using aluminum alloys.
Anodizing; Oxide film; Al6061 alloy; Sulfuric acid anodizing; Sealing; Acid resistance; Hydrogen Chloride bubble stream.
Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 208-213.
With the development of industry, miniaturization and densification of semiconductor components are rapidly progressing. Particularly, as demand surges across various sectors, efficiency in productivity has emerged as a crucial issue in semiconductor component manufacturing. Maximizing semiconductor productivity requires real-time monitoring of semiconductor processes and continuous reflection of the results to stabilize processes. However, various unexpected variables and errors in judgment that occur during the process can cause significant losses in semiconductor productivity. Therefore, while the development of a reliable manufacturing system is important, the importance of developing sensor technology that can complement this and accurately monitor the process is also growing. In this study, conducted a basic research on the concept of diagnostic sensors for thickness based on the physical changes of thin films due to etching. It observed changes in resistance corresponding to variations in thin film thickness as etching processes progressed, and conducted research on the correlation between these physical changes and thickness variations. Furthermore, to assess the reliability of thin film thickness measurement sensors, it conducted multiple measurements and comparative analyses of physical changes in thin films according to various thicknesses.
Plasma; Atomic Layer Etching; Thickness; Thin Film, Sensor.
aLow-carbon Energy Group, Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Korea bInterdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea cDivision of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea dDivision of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 214-220.
In this study, three-dimensional (3D) networks structure using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for Si-graphite composite electrode was developed and studied about effects on the electrochemical performances. To investigate the effect of SWCNTs on forming a conductive 3D network structure electrode, zero-dimensional (0D) carbon black and different SWCNTs composition electrode were compared. It was found that SWCNTs formed a conductive network between nano-Si and graphite particles over the entire area without aggregation. The formation of 3D network structure enabled to effective access for lithium ions leading to improve the c-rate performance, and provided cycle stability by alleviating the Si volume expansion from flexibility and buffer space. The results of this study are expected to be applicable to the electrode design for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.
Silicon; Composite electrode; Lithium-ion batteries; Carbon nanotube; 3D network.
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 221-224.
The 304 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, so it is used in various industries. However, in an environment like seawater, stainless steel can be damaged by chloride ions, resulting in surface corrosion such as pitting and crevice corrosion. Electropolishing is a technique that smooths the surface and creates a passivation layer that can resist corrosion. In this study, electropolishing was applied as a surface finish to increase the smoothness of the metal surface and its corrosion resistance. We confirmed the topology of the electropolished surface of stainless steel by optical microscope and evaluated the corrosion resistance characteristics of electropolished stainless steel through a potentiodynamic experiment.
STS 304; Electropolishing; Corrosion resistance.
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 225-233.
The plastic plating process refers to coating a thin metal film onto a plastic surface. This technique has become essential for replacing costly metal products while maintaining equivalent performance, making plastic plating a critical technology. This paper presents an overview of the methods and future prospects of plastic plating.
Plastic plating; Electroplating; Electroless plating; 3D printing
Department of Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBIOHealth), Cheongju 28160, South Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 234-253.
As the population ages, the importance of effective bone disease treatments is increasing, highlighting the role of bone grafts. Bone grafts are categorized into natural (autografts, allografts, xenografts) and synthetic (ceramics, polymers). Natural grafts have excellent regenerative abilities but pose biological risks, while synthetic grafts are biocompatible but less effective in regeneration. Various studies aim to enhance the safety and efficacy of bone grafts, significantly altering their surface properties. This review examines these studies and the resulting surface changes, aiming to guide future research and clinical applications.
Bone graft, Surface characteristic, Surface effectiveness, Bone regeneration, Biomaterials
aEnergy & Environment Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 254-264.
This paper reviews the dielectric breakdown resistance and behavior of anodic oxide films in air environment. It begins with a description of the dielectric breakdown mechanisms of dielectric materials. The paper then introduces different types of dielectric materials and compares them in terms of dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and cost. Next, the paper summarizes various fabrication methods for dielectric aluminum oxide layers, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, it provides an overview of current studies on the dielectric breakdown properties of anodic aluminum oxide films formed on different aluminum alloys in various electrolytes.
Aluminum alloys, Anodic oxide film, Dielectric breakdown, Dielectric material
aSurface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51508, Republic of Korea bAdvenced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Changwon, Deajeon 34113, Republic of Korea cSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, 1375, Gyeongdong-ro, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 265-273.
An amperometric sensor for measuring indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was studied based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) coated with a reduced graphene oxide composite electrocatalyst. The PEI-GO dispersion is uniformly formed through a nucleophilic substitution reaction between the active amine group of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the epoxide group exposed on the surface of graphene oxide. And The 3-dimensional PEI-rGO AG (Polyethyleneimine-reduced graphene oxide aerogel) complex was easily prepared through simple heat treatment of the combined PEI-GO dispersion. The proposed composite catalyst electrode, PEI-rGO AG/SPCE, showed a two linear relationship in the low and high concentrations in IAA detection, and the linear equation was Ipa = 0.2883C + 0.0883 (R2=0.9230) at low concentration and Ipa = 0.00464C + 0.6623 (R2=0.9894) at high concentration was proposed, and the detection limit was calculated to be 203.5nM±33.2nM. These results showed the applicability of the PEI-rGO AG composite catalyst as an electrode material for electrocatalysts for the detection of IAA.
Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Electrochemical sensor, Reduced graphene oxide aerogel, Conducting polymer composite, Polyethyleneimine
aDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea bGraduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics and LANL-CBNU Engineering Institute Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea cDivision of Advanced Materials Engineering and Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, 54896, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 274-284.
In this study, copper foil was electroplated under high current density conditions. We used Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), known for its thermal stability and low decomposition rate, as an inhibitor to form a stable and smooth copper layer on the titanium cathode. The electrolyte was composed of 50 g/L CuSO4 and 100 g/L H2SO4, MPSA as an accelerator, JGB as a leveler, and PEG as a suppressor, and HCl was added as chloride ions for improving plating efficiency. The copper foil electroplated in the electrolyte added PEG which induced to inhibit the growth of rough crystals. As a result, the surface roughness value was reduced, and a uniform surface was formed over a large area. Moreover, the addition of PEG led to priority growth to the (111) plane and the formation of polygonal crystals through horizontal and vertical growth of crystals onto the cathode. In addition, the grains became fine when more than 30 ppm of PEG was added. As the microcrystalline structure changed, mechanical and electrical properties were altered. With the addition of PEG, the tensile strength increased due to grain refinement, and the elongation was improved due to the uniform surface. However, as the amount of PEG added increased, the corrosion rate and resistivity increased due to grain refinement. Finally, it was possible to manufacture a copper foil with excellent electrical and mechanical properties and the best surface properties when electroplating was carried out under the condition of additives with Cl- 20 ppm, MPSA 10 ppm, JGB 5 ppm, and PEG 10 ppm.
Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Electrochemical sensor, Reduced graphene oxide aerogel, Conducting polymer composite, Polyethyleneimine
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea bInnovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea cResearch Institute of Automotive Parts and Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 285-295.
PVDC-resin transforms into porous carbon through the removal of heteroatoms during heat treatment. When PVDC-resin mixed with chemical agent undergoes heat treatment, it transforms into porous carbon with a significant surface area. In this study, we aim to produce porous carbon using PVDC-resin as a precursor by mixing it with an inexpensive CuO agent in various ratios (1:1, 1:2) and varying the process temperatures (750°C, 950°C). To utilize the developed porous carbon as electrode for supercapacitors, this study explored the formation of micropores and mesopores during the activation process. The porous characteristics and specific surface area of the synthesized porous carbon were estimated using N2 isotherm. The specific capacitance and rate capability required for supercapacitor electrodes were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry. Experimental results demonstrated that when the precursor and agent were mixed in a 1:2 ratio, a high surface areal carbon with numerous micropores and mesopores was obtained. When the activation was performed at 950°C, no impurities remained from the agent, resulting in high rate performance. The porous carbon synthesized using PVDC-resin and CuO demonstrated high specific surface area and excellent rate capability, indicating its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Porous carbon; PVDC-resin; CuO; Rate capability, Supercapacitor
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 296-305.
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the changes in the roughness and weight of titanium discs treated with 3 different types of magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler tip. Eighty identical disks (10 mm in diameter), 50 for surface roughness and 30 for weight change, were investigated in this study. For this study, 3 types of scaler tip were used as follows; Powerline(FSI-PWR-1000), Slimline(FSI-SLI-1000), and Thinsert(-16 00037374). The power was set to high power(HP), medium power(MP), and low power(LP), in the blue zone recommended by the manufacturer. Surface topography analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface roughness measurements, the average surface roughness (Ra) and mean roughness profile depth (Rz), were compared between treated and non-treated surfaces with a profilometer. A PowerLINE-MP of magnetostrictive ultrasonic scalers for implant patients might be recommended when considering changes in the roughness and weight of titanium discs.
Titanium alloy, Ultrasonic therapy, Dental scaling
aAdvanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea bKJmeditec Co., Ltd, Gwangju 61009, Korea cDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 306-316.
We conducted experiments to control the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties by adjusting line and grid patterns on the surface of medical bone fixation plates using a femtosecond laser. Basic experiments were conducted using pure titanium and titanium alloy (6% alumina, 4% vanadium). The spacing of the line and grid patterns was adjusted, and surface properties were confirmed using contact angle measurement equipment. We demonstrated the feasibility of controlling hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties through the patterns of lines and grids. Based on the results of the basic experiments, surface treatment was applied to medical bone fixation plates currently used in clinical practice. Through laser processing, we confirmed a contact angle of approximately 9.18° for hydrophilicity and approximately 101.07° for hydrophobicity. We confirmed that easy control of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties is achievable using laser processing technology and anticipate its application in various medical component fields.
Medical bone fixation plate; Hydrophobic; Hydrophilic; Surface treatment; Femtosecond laser
Interdisciplinary Program in Advanced Functional Materials and Devices Development, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 317-324.
We demonstrate a direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of LiFePO4 (LFP) powders for use in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). LFP has been widely used as a cathode material due to its low cost and high stability. However, there is a still enough room for development to overcome its low energy density and electrical conductivity. In this study, we fabricated novel structured composites of LFP and CNTs (LFP-CNTs) and characterized the electrochemical properties of LIB. The composites were prepared by direct growth of CNTs on the surface of LFP using a rotary chemical vapor deposition. The growth temperature and rotation speed of the chamber were optimized at 600 °C and 5 rpm, respectively. For the LIB cell fabrication, a half-cell was fabricated using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon black as binder and conductive additives, respectively. The electrochemical properties of LIBs using commercial carbon-coated LFP (LFP/C), LFP with CNTs grown for 10 (LFP/CNTs-10m) and 30 min(LFP/CNTs-30m) are comparatively investigated. For example, after the formation cycle, we obtained 149.3, 160.1, and 175.0 mAh/g for LFP/C, LFP/CNTs-10m, and LFP/CNTs-30m, respectively. In addition, the improved rate performance and 111.9 mAh/g capacity at 2C rate were achieved from the LFP/CNTs-30m sample compared to the LFP/CNTs-10m and LFP/C samples. We believe that the approach using direct growth of CNTs on LFP particles provides straightforward solution to improve the conductivity in the LFP-based electrode by constructing conduction pathways.
Lithium ion batteries, Direct growth, Carbon nanotubes, LiFePO4 powder, Rotary chemical vapor deposition
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46287, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 325-330.
When seawater is used in electrochemical devices, issues arise such as the adsorption of chloride ions blocking the active sites for Oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in seawater batteries, and the occurrence of Chlorine evolution reactions (ClER) in seawater electrolysis due to chloride anions (Cl-) competing with OH- for catalytic active sites, potentially slowing down Oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Consequently, the performance of components used in seawater battery and seawater electrolysis may deteriorate. Therefore, conventional alloys are often used by coating or plating methods to minimize corrosion, albeit at the cost of reducing electrical conductivity. This study thus designed a corrosion-resistant layer by doping carbon with Nitrogen (N) and Sulfur (S) to maintain electrical conductivity while preventing corrosion. Optimal N,S doping ratios were developed, with corrosion experiments confirming that N,S (10:90) carbon exhibited the best corrosion resistance performance.
Seawater; Chloride evolution reaction; Corrosion-resistant layer; N,S doping; Carbon
Nano convergence Materials Center, Emerging Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET)
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 331-337.
Platinum has been utilized as an excellent electrocatalyst with low overpotential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting, despite of its high cost. In this study, platinum particles were produced using pulsed laser technology as a HER catalyst for water splitting. The colloidal platinum particles were synthesized by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation (PLI) without reducing agents, not traditional polyol processes including reducing agents. The crystal structure, shape and size of the synthesized platinum particles as a function of pulsed laser irradiation time were investigated by XRD and SEM analysis. Additionally, the electrochemical properties for the HER in water splitting of the irradiation time-dependent platinum electrocatalysts were studied with the analysis of overpotentials in linear sweep voltammetry and Tafel slope.
Platinum particle; Electrocatalyst; Pulsed laser irradiation; Hydrogen evolution reaction; Water splitting
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea bInnovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea cResearch Institute of Automotive Parts and Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 338-347.
α-MnO2 as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries allows insertion and extraction of Zn ions within its tunnel structure during charge and discharge. The morphology and crystal structure of α-MnO2 particles critically determine their electrochemical behavior and energy storage performance. In this study, α-MnO2 was synthesized from precursor solutions under varying pH conditions using a hydrothermal method. The effects of pH values on the morphology, crystal structure, and electrochemical performance were systematically analyzed. The analysis revealed that materials synthesized at higher pH levels exhibited elongated and narrow nanorods with a lower specific surface area. In contrast, those formed at lower pH levels showed shorter, thicker nanorods with a higher specific surface area. This increased surface area at a lower pH enhanced the specific capacitance by providing a greater electrode/electrolyte interfacial area. By contrast, the material synthesized at higher pH conditions demonstrated superior rate capability, attributed to its crystal structure with wider lattice spacings. Wide lattice parameters in the material synthesized at higher pH conditions facilitated easier ion transport than at lower pH levels. Consequently, the study confirms that adjusting the pH of the precursor solution can optimize the electrochemical properties of α-MnO2 for Zn-ion batteries.
Hydrothermal, α-MnO2, pH control, Specific capacitance, Rate capability
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 534-729, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 348-354.
Nanocrystalline zirconium nitride (ZrN) coatings were deposited by mid-frequency direct current sputtering (mfMS) with varying pulsed plasma parameters such as pulse frequency and duty cycle to understand the effect of pulsed plasma on the microstructure, residual stress and mechanical properties. The results show that, with the increasing pulse frequency and decreasing duty cycle, the coating morphology changed from a porous columnar to a dense structure, with finer grains. Mid-frequency magnetron sputtered ZrN coatings with pulse frequency of 30 kHz showed the highest both nanoindentation hardness of 16.3 GPa, and elastic modulus of 214.4 GPa. In addition, Effect of pulse frequency on a residual stress and average crystal grain sizes was also investigated.
Mid-frequency magnetron sputtering; ZrN; Pulse frequency; Residual stress; Nanoindentation.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 355-367.
Hydrogen is an alternative energy source to achieve decarbonization, However, storage and transportation costs are expensive. Hydrogen carriers are attracting attention for cost-effective hydrogen production, and ammonia is the most promising material. This article explores the potential of sustainable hydrogen production through ammonia decomposition using various plasma sources with/without catalysts, and compare the hydrogen production efficiency including dielectric barrier discharge(DBD), microwave plasma, and gliding arc discharge. Additionally, we evaluate the technology readiness levels(TRLs) of these plasma processes compared to other existing ammonia decomposition technologies such as only catalytic methods and electrolysis. The results reveal the advantages and limitations of each source in terms of energy efficiency, and scalability. In addition, we suggest the possibility of thermal plasma for the large-scale hydrogen production. Our findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility and practical implementation of plasma technologies for sustainable hydrogen production, contributing to the advancement of clean energy solutions and the reduction of global carbon emissions.
Plasma; Ammonia decomposition; Hydrogen production; Green Hydrogen.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, 59626, Yeosu, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 368-378.
The growing environmental concerns due to increased fossil fuel consumption have intensified the demand for sustainable and economically viable energy sources. Among the various energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy density and excellent cycle life. However, LIBs face challenges such as safety concerns due to side reactions, thermal expansion, and explosion risks, along with issues of limited resource availability and high costs. As a result, multivalent metals such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and aluminum are being explored as alternatives to lithium. Recently, there has been significant interest in developing aqueous zinc-ion battery (AZIB) due to their use of water as an electrolyte solvent, which enhances safety by reducing the risk of fire even in the event of a short circuit. Additionally, AZIBs offer benefits such as non-toxicity, fast ion conductivity, high volumetric capacity, and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of zinc. Despite these advantages, AZIBs face challenges including dendrite formation on the zinc anode during cycling, leading to short circuits, corrosion, and hydrogen gas evolution, which can compromise battery performance and safety. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of these issues and explores various strategies to stabilize the zinc anode and improve the overall performance of AZIBs.
Aqueous zinc-ion battery; Anode; Dendrite; Hydrogen gas evolution.
Purpose-based Mobility Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju, 61012, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 379-385.
Al-Ag thin films with varying compositions were fabricated using a combinatorial sputtering system to develop highly sensitive SAW devices. The Al-Ag sample library exhibited a wide range of electrical resistivity and chemical compositions, providing valuable data for selecting optimal materials. Recognizing the significant influence of both resistivity and density of IDT electrodes on the generation of acoustic waves from piezoelectric materials, three types of Al-Ag thin films with different Al contents were fabricated, maintaining a consistent thickness of 150 nm. As the Al content decreased from 84.6 at% to 21.7 at%, the resistivity increased from 5.1 to 0.8 x 10-5 Ω-cm, while the calculated density increased from 3.9 to 8.8 g/cm3. The SAW devices fabricated with these Al-Ag IDT electrodes resonated at 71 MHz without frequency shifts, but the resonant frequency selectivity and insertion loss deteriorated with decreasing Al content, highlighting the predominant influence of electrode density over electrical conductivity on SAW device performance.
Combinatorial RF sputtering; Surface acoustic wave; Interdigital transducer; Aluminum-silver thin film
aNational Security & Disaster Safety Technology Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145-Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 386-397.
Chrome plating is a method used to protect the inside of a gun barrel from the severe environment (3,000 K and 4,000 MPa for 20 ms) created by the propellant gas when a cannon is fired. However, Cr-plated films have physical limitations, and the formation of hexavalent Cr compounds has a harmful effect on the environment. Ta-W alloy film has been explored as an alternative to Cr plating owing to the high melting point and corrosion resistance of Ta. However, obtaining pure α-phase Ta by sputtering is difficult, and the autofrettage effect in gun barrels limits the use of annealing. Therefore, a deposition method without the use of additional heat treatment is required to prepare Ta-W films with alpha-phase Ta. We explored the feasibility of depositing Ta-W alloy film inside a 2,800 mm-long stainless-steel tube using bipolar high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. A specially designed cylindrical magnetron sputtering equipment and a four-stage experimental process was employed to deposit a coating with uniform thickness (10.59%) throughout the tube, high adhesive strength (51.51 MPa), and pure alpha-phase Ta. The findings of this study are useful for deposition of Ta-W alloy films inside large-caliber canons.
Cannon; Ta-W alloy; Cylindrical magnetron sputtering; Bipolar high-power impulse magnetron sputtering; Alpha phase; Thickness uniformity
Industrial Components R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 398-405.
In this study, ZnO nanoparticle treatments were applied to stainless steel 304 to mitigate the generation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under pressurized water reactor (PWR)-simulated conditions, focusing on temperature and pressure (300ºC, 150 bar), specifically simulating temperature and pressure. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via plasma discharge in an aqueous solution, with sizes ranging from 355 ± 142 nm to 25.7 ± 7.2 nm along the long axis, controlled by adjusting the voltage parameters. After treatment with 25 nm ZnO nanoparticle treatment, the surface of stainless steel 304 was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming the formation of a compact and dense ZnCr2O4 spinel oxide film with a thickness of approximately 65 nm. Corrosion potential tests conducted using a Potentiostat/Galvanostat revealed that corrosion resistance improved as ZnO nanoparticle size decreased. Additionally, U-bend tests under accelerated corrosion conditions showed significantly reduced SCC in samples treated with 25 nm ZnO nanoparticles. These findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via plasma discharge could be effectively applied for SCC mitigation in the nuclear industry.
ZnO nanoparticles; SCC; PWR-simulated conditions; Spinel structure
aDepartment of Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea bInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan cInstitute for Materials Research,Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 406-415.
Using DC magnetron sputtering, we deposited a bilayer composed of a seed layer consisting of Ti, Cr, Co, and Zr, and an overlayer of Ag on MgO(001) single crystal substrates, creating self-assembled nanostructures. When Ti was used as the seed layer, it was observed that the formed nano-dots inherently aggregated into dot shapes. Additionally, Cr, Co, and Zr were chosen to investigate their influence on SLAA(Seed layer Assisted Agglomeration) depending on the seed layer material, revealing different shapes of the formed nano-dots. Moreover, it was observed that aggregation was inhibited as the thickness of the seed layer exceeded a critical point. X-ray diffraction analysis of the Ti seed layer revealed epitaxial growth of Ag along the (001) direction of the MgO substrate. In contrast, no epitaxial growth was observed when Cr, Co, and Zr were used as seed layer materials. Ultimately, Ti was identified as the most suitable seed layer material for the fabrication of self-assembled nanostructures utilizing the aggregation phenomenon of the bilayer. This research is deemed sufficiently valuable in addressing the limitations associated with the low productivity and high cost of current nano thin film processes.
Seed Layer; Nanostructure; Agglomeration phenomenon; Self-Organized fabrication process; Epitaxial growth.
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea bInnovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea cResearch Institute of Automotive Parts and Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 416-424.
Supercapacitors as energy storage devices require specific capacitance and rate capability improvements to achieve high energy and power densities. Activated carbon, commonly used as an electrode for supercapacitors, should have a porous structure for high capacitance and the large mesopores for high power. This study aims to produce mesoporous carbon for supercapacitors from the mixture of polyvinylidene chloride-resin (PVDC-resin) precursor and ZnO activating agent at a controlled mixing ratio via heat treatment. To synthesize porous carbon with high specific capacitance and high rate performance, PVDC-resin and ZnO were mixed in various ratios and activated at 950°C. Analysis of the pore structure and surface area of the synthesized carbon samples showed that the specific surface area and the amounts of micropores and mesopores also increased with more ZnO agents. Notably, the porous carbon synthesized from PVDC-resin to ZnO at a 2:3 ratio exhibited a high specific capacitance of 125 F g⁻¹ and excellent rate performance of 74%, demonstrating its potential as an optimal supercapacitor electrode material based on its surface area and mesoporous structure. This study identifies the optimal mixing ratio of PVDC-resin precursor and ZnO activator for the economical and efficient synthesis of activated carbon.
PVDC-resin; ZnO; Supercapacitor, Rate capability; Optimal ratio.
Interdisciplinary Program in Advanced Functional Materials and Devices Development, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 57, No. , pp. 425-431.
As demand in the electric vehicle market increases, the development of high capacity, high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is required. Silicon has a extremely high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g, but low cycle life and structural instability due to high volume expansion during charging and discharging are critical issue to solve. A reduced silicon oxide has also a high theoretical capacity of 2500 mAh/g and recently studied extensively for its low-cost, superior cycle life, and structural stability.
Lithium ion batteries; Anode material; Magnesiothermic reduction reaction; Reduced silicon oxide
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 1-11.
Lubricant-impregnated nanoporous surfaces (LIS), which is created by impregnating water-immiscible oil into nanoporous surface structure, have been explored considering wide range of application fields. Due to the lubricant impregnated in nanoporous structure, the surface shows extreme de-wetting with a high mobility of water droplets, so that various functionalities can be realized. The lubricant layer inhibits the contact of corrosive media to porous structure as well as metal substrate, thus the surface improves the corrosion resistance. The water on the surface freeze without any contact to solid porous structure, showing a low ice adhesion for de-icing an anti-icing. The extremely high mobility of water droplets on lubricant-impregnated porous surfaces also contributes the enhancement of condensation heat transfer as well as water harvesting from fog and moisture. Moreover, the bacteria adhesion on metal surface forming biofilms causing serious hygiene issues can be inhibited on the lubricantimpregnated surfaces. Despite of such superior functionalities, the lubricant-impregnated porous surface has a limitation of lubricant depletion by external flow of fluids. Therefore, extensive efforts to improve the durability of lubricant-impregnated surface are required for practical applications.
Lubricant-impregnated surface; Functional surface; De-wetting; Hydrophobic; Porous structure.
aGakkō hōjin Kitahara gakuen, Hirakawa 036-0146 Japan, bDepartment of Chemistry and Biological Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan, cKorea Wayokai Institute of Technology, Seoul 152-880 Korea, dMaterials Function and Design, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-855 Japan
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 12-39.
Diseases caused by air pollution and abnormal climate are occurring worldwide due to global warming. Accordingly, the international community has established a strategy to respond to climate change, and major countries have shifted their economic policies to eco-friendly industries.
GHG; North-East Asia; Carbon neutral; EV; Surface treatment.
aDepartment of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea, bBusan center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 40-54.
In this work, we synthesized a novel electrochemical sensing materials based on tetracarboxylic copper phthalocyanine (TcCuPtc) conjugated PANI (TcCuPtc@PANI). The synthesized materials were employed to modify the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the selective sensing of 4-nitrophenol. The TcCuPtc was conjugated with conducting polymer of PANI through the electrostatic interaction and π-π electron conjugation, the polymer film of PANI to inhibit the leakage of TcCuPtc from the surface of the electrode. The prepared TcCuPtc@PANI were characterized and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX, ATR-IR, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The prepared TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE showed an excellent electrocatalytic sensing of 4-NP in the linear concentrations from 3 to 500 nM with a LOD of 0.03 nM and a sensitivity of 8.8294 µA/nM cm-2. However, the prepared TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE showed selective sensing of 4-NP in the presence of other interfering species. The practical applicability of the TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE was employed for the sensing of 4-NP in different water samples by standard addition method and showed satisfactory recovery results.
Tetracarboxylic copper phthalocyanine; PANI; 4-nitrophenol; electrochemical sensing; water samples.
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 55-61.
As a preliminary study to produce functional nanocomposites in a heat dissipation device, we performed the direct synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of alumina (Al2O3) powders. A thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) system was used to grow CNTs directly on the Al2O3 surface. In order to investigate the growth behavior of CNTs, we varied both furnace temperature of the TCVD ranging from 700 to 850 °C and concentration of the ferritin-dissolved DI solution from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/mL. From the previous results, the gas composition and duration time for CNT growth were fixed as C2H4 : H2 = 30 : 500 (vol. %) and 10 min, respectively. Based on the analysis results, the optimized growth temperature and ferritin concentration were found to be 825 °C and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The obtained results could be adopted to achieve mass production of nanocomposites with heat dissipation functionality.
Direct growth; Carbon nanotubes; Alumina powder; Heat dissipation; Thermal chemical vapor deposition.
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 62-68.
Silicon (Si) is considered as a promising substitute for the conventional graphite due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3579 mAh/g, Li15Si4) and proper working voltage (~0.3V vs Li+/Li). However, the large volume change of Si during (de)lithiation brings about severe degradation of battery performances, rendering it difficult to be applied in the practical battery directly. As a one feasible candidate of industrial Si anode, silicon monoxide (SiOx) demonstrates great electrochemical stability with its specialized strategy, downsized Si nanocrystallites surrounded by Li+ inactive buffer phase (Li2O and Li4SiO4). Nevertheless, SiOx inherently has the initial irreversible capacity and poor electrical conductivity. To overcome those issues, conformal carbon coating has been performed on SiOx utilizing ethylbenzene as the carbon precursor of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Through various characterizations, it is confirmed that the carbon is homogeneously coated on the surface of SiOx. Accordingly, the carbon-coated SiOx from CVD using ethylbenzene demonstrates 73% of the first cycle efficiency and great cycle life (88.1% capacity retention at 50th cycle). This work provides a promising synthetic route of the uniform and scalable carbon coating on Si anode for high-energy density.
Lithium-ion Secondary battery; Silicon Oxide; Carbon Coating; Liquid Precursor.
aDepartment of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchoen 57922, Republic of Korea, bM.E.C. Co. LTD. Technical Research Laboratories, Singeumsandan 5-gil, Gwangyang 57714, Republic of Korea, cDivision of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Taejong-ro, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 69-76.
The effects of hairline treatment on surface blackening and thermal diffusion behaviors of Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheet were evaluated by the three-dimensional surface profiler and laser-flash technique. The metallographic observation of coating damages by hairline treatments showed that several cracks were initiated and propagated along the interface between primary Zn/eutectic phases. As the hairline processing became more severe, the crack occurrence frequency in eutectic phase of coating layer and the surface roughness increased, which had a proportional relationship with the level of blackening on the coating surface. In addition, the higher interfacial areas of the blackened coating surface, caused by the hairline process, led to an increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the coated steel sheet. On the other hand, when the coating damage by hairline treatment was excessive and the steel substrate was exposed, there was little difference between the thermal diffusivity/conductivity of the untreated sample though the blackening degree was higher than that of untreated sample. This work suggests that the increase in the surface areas of the coating layer without exposure to steel substrate through hairline treatment can be one of the effective technical strategies for the development of Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheets with higher blackening level and thermal diffusivity.
hairline; roughness; blackening; thermal diffusivity; conductivity.
aSurface & Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51508, Republic of Korea, bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea, cHaesung DS, 726, Ungnam-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51552, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 77-83.
The reliability of leadframe-based semiconductor package depends on the adhesion between metal and epoxy molding compound (EMC). In this study, the Ag surface was electrochemically treated in a solution containing silanes in order to improve the adhesion between Ag and epoxy substrate. After electrochemical treatment, the thin silane layer was deposited on the Ag surface, whereby the peel strength between Ag and epoxy substrate was clearly improved. The improvement of peel strength depended on the functional group of silane, implying the chemical linkage between Ag and epoxy.
Adhesion promoter; silane; electrolytic treatment; leadframe; semiconductor package.
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Kyunggi-do, 446-701, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 84-93.
The spent nuclear fuel is burned during the planned cycle in the plant and then generates elements such as actinide series, fission products, and plutonium with a long half-life. An ‘interim storage’ step is needed to manage the high radioactivity and heat emitted by nuclides until permanent-disposal. In the case of Korea, there is no space to dispose of high-level radioactive waste after use, so there is a need for a period of time using interim storage. Therefore, the intensity of neutrons and gamma-ray must be determined to ensure the integrity of spent nuclear fuel during interim storage. In particular, the most important thing in spent nuclear fuel is burnup evaluation, estimation of the source term of neutrons and gamma-ray is regarded as a reference measurement of the burnup evaluation. In this study, an analysis of spent nuclear fuel was conducted by setting up a virtual fuel burnup case based on CE16x16 fuel to check the total amount and spectrum of neutron, gamma radiation produced. The correlation between BU (burnup), IE (enrichment), and CT (cooling time) will be identified through spent nuclear fuel burnup calculation. In addition, the composition of nuclide inventory, actinide and fission products can be identified.
Spent nuclear fuel; Neutron source; gamma-ray; Burnup; Enrichment; Cooling time.
aHeat & Surface Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Siheung, 15014,Korea, bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 94-103.
The effects of carburizing pressure and gas ratio on vacuum carburizing properties (uniformity and surface characteristics) have been studied through the analyses of carbon concentration, hardness, surface color, surface roughness and type of carbon bonding. AISI 4115 steel specimens were carburized with various pressures (1, 5, and 10 Torr) at different locations (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6) inside a furnace held at 950 ℃. Since the carburizing pressure represents the density of the carburizing gas, it plays an important role in improving the carburizing uniformity according to locations in the furnace. As the carburizing pressure increased, the carburizing uniformity according to the sample location was improved, but the surface of the carburized specimen was discolored due to the residual acetylene gas, which does not contribute to the carburizing reaction. Therefore, the carburizing uniformity and surface discoloration have been improved by injecting acetylene gas (carburizing gas) and nitrogen gas (non-reactive gas) in a specific ratio.
Vacuum carburizing; Pressure; Uniformity; Acetylene; Nitrogen.
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea, bKorea Basic Science Institute, Busan Center, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 104-114.
Three dimensional (3D) porous structures consisting of Cu@CoO core-shell-type nano-dendrites were synthesized and tested as the anode materials in lithium secondary batteries. For this purpose, first, the 3D porous films comprising Cu@Co core-shell-type nano-dendrites with various thicknesses were fabricated through the electrochemical co-deposition of Cu and Co. Then the Co shells were selectively anodized to form Co hydroxides, which was finally dehydrated to get Cu@CoO nano-dendrites. The resulting electrodes exhibited very high reversible specific capacity almost 1.4~2.4 times the theoretical capacity of commercial graphite, and excellent capacity retention (~90%@50th cycle) as compared with those of the existing transition metal oxides. From the analysis of the cumulative irreversible capacity and morphology change during charge/discharge cycling, it proved that the excellent capacity retention was attributed to the unique structural feature of our core-shell structure where only the thin CoO shell participates in the lithium storage. In addition, our electrodes showed a superb rate performance (70.5%@10.8 C-rate), most likely due to the open porous structure of 3D films, large surface area thanks to the dendritic structure, and fast electron transport through Cu core network.
Cobalt oxide; Core-shell; Dendrite; Anode; Lithium battery.
School of Energy, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeol-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 115-124.
Anodization is an electrochemical process that electrochemically converts a metal surface into an oxide layer, resulting in enhanced corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and improved aesthetic appearance. Local anodization, also known as selective anodization, is a modified process that enables specific regions or patterns on the metal surface to undergo anodization instead of the entire surface. Several methods have been attempted to produce oxide layers via localized anodic oxidation, such as using a mask or pre-patterned substrate. However, these methods are often intricate, time-consuming, and costly. Conversely, the direct writing or patterning approach is a more straightforward and efficient way to fabricate the oxide layers. This review paper intends to enhance our comprehension of local anodization and its potential applications in various fields, including the development of nanotechnologies. The application of anodization is promising in surface engineering, where the anodic oxide layer serves as a protective coating for metals or modifies the surface properties of materials. Furthermore, anodic oxidation can create micro- and nano-scale patterns on metal surfaces. Overall, the development of efficient and cost-effective anodic oxidation methods is essential for the advancement of various industries and technologies.
Local anodization; Mask; Patterned substrate; Direct writing; Oxide layer.
Division of Marine Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 125-136.
Recently, ammonia has emerged as an alternative energy source that can reduce carbon emissions in various industries. Ammonia is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines because it contains no carbon in its components and does not emit any carbon when burned. It is also used in various fields such as fertilizer production, refrigeration, cleaning and disinfection, and drug manufacturing due to its unique characteristics, such as high volatility and easy solubility in water. However, it is highly corrosive to metals and is a toxic gas that can pose a risk to human health, so caution must be exercised when using it. In particular, stress corrosion cracking may occur in containers or manufacturing facilities made of carbon-manganese steel or nickel steel, so special care is needed. As ammonia has emerged as an alternative fuel for reducing carbon emissions, there is a need for a rapid response. Therefore, based on a deep understanding of the causes and mechanisms of ammonia corrosion, it is important to develop new corrosion inhibitors, improve corrosion monitoring and prediction systems, and study corrosion prevention design.
Ammonia; Corrosion; Toxic; Carbon free; Stress corrosion cracking.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 137-146.
Nanosized TiO2 has been widely investigated in photoelectrochemical or photocatalytic applications due to their intrinsic properties such as suitable band position, high photocorrosion resistance, and surface area. In this study, to achieve the high efficiency in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance, TiO2 nanotubular structures were formed by anodization at various temperatures and times. The morphological and crystal structure of the anodized TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the TiO2 NTs were studied with different lengths and morphologies. From the detailed investigations, the optimum thickness of TiO2 nanotubes was 3 ㎛. Moreover, we found that the optimum photocatalytic pollutant removal efficiency of TiO2 nanotubes for photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated solar light was 5.34 μm of tube length.
Anodization; TiO2 nanotubes; Photoelectrochemical water splitting; Incident photon-to-current efficiency; Photodegradation .
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Forming Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 147-151.
Transparent ZnO (100 nm thick) and ZnO/Ti/ZnO (ZTZ) films were prepared with radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate at room temperature. During the ZTZ film deposition, the thickness of the Ti interlayer was varied, such as 6, 9, 12, and 15 nm, while the thickness of ZnO films was kept at 50 nm to investigate the effect of the Ti interlayer on the crystallization and opto-electrical performance of the films. From the XRD pattern, it is concluded that the 9 nm thick Ti interlayer showed some characteristic peaks of Ti (200) and (220), and the grain size of the ZnO (002) enlarged from 13.32 to 15.28 nm as Ti interlayer thickness increased. In an opto-electrical performance observation, ZnO single-layer films show a figure of merit of 1.4×10-11 Ω-1, while ZTZ films with a 9 nm-thick Ti interlayer show a higher figure of merit of 2.0×10-5 Ω-1.
ZnO; Ti; XRD; AFM; Figure of merit.
aEA Bios Corporation, 49225 Busan, South Korea bAdvanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group, Korean Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH),
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 152-159.
The night visibility of pavement is being considered as a global issue in the field of traffic safety. Although the spreading glass beads on the lane paints has been mainly used to secure night-visibility by utilizing the effect of retroreflection, obvious shortcoming of this method is that retroflection does not occur in the range where the headlights do not reach the glass beads. The use of functional paints including phosphorescent constituents could be a solution for overcoming fore-mentioned problem. SrAl2O4 based chemicals have not only good phosphorescent property, but also are chemically stable compared to existing ZnS based materials. However, this chemicals also need the improvement due to slightly reduced luminous effect in time. Herein, we developed novel paints showing enhanced phosphorescent properties by putting rare earth elements such as Eu, Dy and Y into SrAl2O4. These prepared phosphorescent pigments have displayed improved properties in terms of durability and long afterglow. For instance, the property of afterglow has been persisted after 5 hours with luminace of 20.6 mcd/m2.
Phosphorescent paint; After-glow; Night visibility; Eco-friendly paint.
aDepartment of Semiconductor Science, Engineering and Technology, Korea Aerospace University, Hwajeon, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 412-791, South Korea bDepartment of Materials Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Hwajeon, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 412-791, South Korea cCuprum Materials, 76 Hanggongdaehang-ro, Deogyang-gu, Goyang 412-791, South Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 160-168.
Recently, investigation on metallization is a key for a stretchable display. Amorphous metal such as Ni and Zr based amorphous metal compounds are introduced for a suitable material with superelastic property under certain stress condition. However, Ni and Zr based amorphous metals have too high resistivity for a display device’s interconnectors. In addition, these metals are not suitable for display process chemicals. Therefore, we choose an aluminum based amprhous metal Al-Mo as a interconnector of stretchable display. In this paper, Amorphous Forming Composition Range (AFCR) for Al-Mo alloys are calculated by Midema's model, which is between 0.1 and 0.25 molybdenum, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The elongation tests revealed that amorphous Al-20Mo alloy thin films exhibit superior stretchability compared to pure Al thin films, with significantly less increase in resistivity at a 10% strain. This excellent resistance to hillock formation in the Al20Mo alloy is attributed to the recessed diffusion of aluminum atoms in the amorphous phase, rather than in the crystalline phase, as well as stress distribution and relaxation in the aluminum alloy. Furthermore, according to the AES depth profile analysis, the amorphous Al-Mo alloys are completely compatible with existing etching processes. The alloys exhibit fast etch rates, with a reasonable oxide layer thickness of 10 nm, and there is no diffusion of oxides in the matrix. This compatibility with existing etching processes is an important advantage for the industrial production of stretchable displays.
Aluminum-molybdenum alloy; Miedema's model; Stretchable display: Hillock; metal interconnector.
aNano-Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea cDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 169-179.
This work studies dielectric breakdown behavior of AAO (anodic aluminum oxide) films formed on pure aluminum at a constant current density in 5 ~ 20 vol.% sulfuric acid (SA) and 2 ~ 8 wt.% oxalic acid (OA) solutions. It was observed that dielectric breakdown voltage of AAO film with the same thickness increased with increasing concentration of both SA and OA solutions up to 15 vol.% and 6 wt.%, respectively, above which it decreased slightly. The dielectric breakdown resistance of the OA films appeared to be superior to that of SA films. After dielectric breakdown test, cracks and a hole were observed. The crack length increased with increasing SA film thickness but it did not increase with increasing OA film thickness. To explain the reason why shorter cracks formed on the OA films than the SA films after dielectric breakdown test, the generation of tensile stresses at the oxide/ metal interface was discussed in relation to porosity of AAO films obtained from cross-sectional morphologies.
Anodic oxide film; Dielectric breakdown; Sulfuric acid; Oxalic acid; Aluminum.
Department of Physics, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 180-184.
Scholars have proposed wafer-level bonding and three-dimensional (3D) stacked integrated circuit (IC) and have investigated Cu–Cu bonding to overcome the limitation of Moore’s law. However, information about quantitative Cu–Cu direct-bonding conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and interfacial adhesion energy, is scant. This study determines the optimal temperature and pressure for Cu–Cu bonding by varying the bonding temperature to 100, 150, 200, 250, and 350 ℃ and pressure to 2,303 and 3,087 N/cm2. Various conditions and methods for surface treatment were performed to prevent oxidation of the surface of the sample and remove organic compounds in Cu direct bonding as variables of temperature and pressure. EDX experiments were conducted to confirm chemical information on the bonding characteristics between the substrate and Cu to confirm the bonding mechanism between the substrate and Cu. In addition, after the combination with the change of temperature and pressure variables, UTM measurement was performed to investigate the bond force between the substrate and Cu, and it was confirmed that the bond force increased proportionally as the temperature and pressure increased.
Cu-to-Cu bonding; 3D stacking; 3D package; C2C; C2W.
aDepartment of Materials Processing and Engineering, Inha Manufacturing Innovation School, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea bhiptech Co., Ltd., Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15611, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 185-191.
The lifetime and corrosion resistance of the coating depends on its thickness and composition. We checked how the plating progressed according to the shape of the product to be plated. There was no significant difference in the composition or thickness of the plating according to the shape of the separately plated products. Samples of different shapes collected from products with complex shapes showed no significant difference in composition depending on the shape, but significant differences in thickness. This difference is due to the difference in applied current density depending on the shape of the product.
Plating; Etching; Corrosion; Zn-Ni Alloy; Microstructure.
School of Energy, Materials & Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan City, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 192-200.
Graphene, a two-dimensional material, has shown great potential in a variety of applications including microelectronics, optoelectronics, and graphene-based batteries due to its excellent electronic conductivity. However, the production of large-area, high-quality graphene remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated graphene growth on electrolytic copper foil using thermochemical vapor deposition (TCVD) to achieve a similar level of quality to the cold-rolled copper substrate at a lower cost. The combined effects of pre-annealing time, graphenized temperature, and partial pressure of hydrogen on graphene coverage and domain size were analyzed and correlated with the roughness and crystallographic texture of the copper substrate. Our results show that controlling the crystallographic texture of copper substrates through annealing is an effective way to improve graphene growth properties, which will potentially lead to more efficient and cost-effective graphene production. At a hydrogen partial pressure that is disadvantageous in graphene growth, electrolytic copper had an average size of 8.039 ㎛2, whereas rolled copper had a size of 19.092 ㎛2, which was a large difference of 42.1% compared to rolled copper. However, at the proper hydrogen partial pressure, electrolytic copper had an average size of 30.279 ㎛2 and rolled copper had a size of 32.378 ㎛2, showing a much smaller difference of 93.5% than before. This observation suggests this potentially leads the way for more efficient and cost-effective graphene production.
TCVD; Copper; Graphene.
Department of Batteries Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 201-207.
Eu3+-doped SnO2 (SnO2:Eu3+) phosphor thin films were grown on quartz substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The deposition temperature was varied from 100 to 400 ℃. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all the thin films had two mixed phases of SnO2 and Eu2Sn2O7. The 880 nmthick SnO2:Eu3+ thin film grown at 100 ℃ exhibited numerous pebble-shaped particles. The excitation spectra of SnO2:Eu3+ thin films consisted of a strong and broad peak at 312 nm in the vicinity from 250 to 350 nm owing to the O2-–Eu3+ charge transfer band, irrespective of deposition temperature. Upon 312 nm excitation, the SnO2:Eu3+ thin films showed a main emission peak at 592 nm arising from the 5D0→7F1 transition and a weak 615 nm red band originating from the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. As the deposition temperature increased, the emission intensities of two bands increased rapidly, approached a maximum at 100 ℃, and then decreased slowly at 400 ℃. The thin film deposited at 200 ℃ exhibited a band gap energy of 3.81 eV and an average transmittance of 73.7% in the wavelength range of 500 – 1100 nm. These results indicate that the luminescent intensity of SnO2:Eu3+ thin films can be controlled by changing the deposition temperature.
Thin Film; Transmittance; Photoluminescence.
aDivision of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea bDepartment of Materials Chemistry, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 208-218.
Photocatalysts are advanced materials which accelerate the photoreaction by providing ordinary reactions with other pathways. The catalysts have various advantages, such as low-cost, low operating temperature and pressure, and long-term use. They are applied to environmental and energy field, including the air and water purification, water splitting for hydrogen production, sterilization and selfcleaning surfaces. However, commercial photocatalysts only absorb ultraviolet light between 100 and 400 nm of wavelength which comprises only 5% in sunlight due to the wide band gap. In addition, rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs reduces the photocatalytic performance. Recently, studies on blackening photocatalysts by laser, thermal, and plasma treatments have been conducted to enhance the absorption of visible light and photocatalytic activity. The disordered structures could yield mid-gap states and vacancies could cause charge carrier trapping. Herein, liquid phase plasma (LPP) is adopted to synthesize Ag-doped black ZnO for the utilization of visible-light. The physical and chemical characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts are analyzed by SEM/EDS, XRD, XPS and the optical properties of them are investigated using UV/Vis DRS and PL analyses. Lastly, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated using methylene blue as a pollutant.
Liquid phase plasma; Photocatalysts; Ag-doped black ZnO; Visible light; Methylene blue.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 219-226.
Utilizing low-dimensional structures of oxide semiconductors is a promising approach to fabricate relevant gas sensors by means of potential enhancement in surface-to-volume ratios of their sensing materials. In this work, vertically aligned cupric oxide (CuO) nanorods are successfully synthesized on a transparent glass substrate via seed-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method with the use of a CuO nanoparticle seed layer, which is formed by thermally oxidizing a sputtered Cu metal film. Structural and optical characterization by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy reveals the successful preparation of the CuO nanorods array of the single monoclinic tenorite crystalline phase. From gas sensing measurements for the nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas, the vertically aligned CuO nanorod array is observed to have a highly responsive sensitivity to NO gas at relatively low concentrations and operating temperatures, especially showing a high maximum sensitivity to NO at 200 ℃ and a low NO detection limit of 2 ppm in dry air. These results along with a facile fabrication process demonstrate that the CuO nanorods synthesized on a transparent glass substrate are very promising for low-cost and high-performance NO gas sensors.
Cupric oxide; Oxide semiconductor; Nanorod; NO gas sensor; Hydrothermal synthesis.
College of Engineering, Dankook University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 227-232.
In this study, complex admittance as a function of temperature and frequency was measured to analyze the important relaxation properties of lead scandium niobate, which is physically important, although it is not an environmentally friendly electrical and electronic material, including lead. Lead scandium niobate was synthesized by heat treating the solid oxide, and the conductance, susceptance and capacitance were measured as a function of temperature and frequency from the temperature dependence of the RLC circuit. The relaxation characteristics of lead scandium niobate were found to be affected by contributions such as grain size, grain boundary characteristics, space charge, and dipole arrangement. As the temperature rises, the maximum admittance and susceptance increase in one direction, but the resonance frequency decreases below the transition temperature but increases after the phase transition.
PSN ; Dielectric relaxation ; Cole-Cole diagram ; Thermal fluctuation.
aBangmok College of Basic Studies, Myongji University, Yongin, 17046, Korea, bSchool of Mechanical, Automotive & Robot Engineering, Halla University, Wonju 26404, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 233-242.
In recent years, energy-management studies in buildings have proven useful for energy savings. Typically, during heating and cooling, the energy from a given building is lost through its windows. Generally, to block the entry of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) rays, thin films of deposited metals or metal oxides are used, and the blocking of UV and IR rays by these thin films depends on the materials deposited on them. Therefore, by controlling the thicknesses and densities of the thin films, improving the transmittance of visible light and the blocking of heat rays such as UV and IR may be possible. Such improvements can be realized not only by changing the two-dimensional thin films but also by altering the zero-dimensional (0-D) nanostructures deposited on the films. In this study, 0-D nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol –gel procedure. The synthesized nanoparticles were deposited as deep coatings on polymer and glass substrates. Through spectral analysis in the UV–visible (vis) region, thin-film layers of deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles blocked >95 % of UV rays. For high transmittance in the visible-light region and low transmittance in the IR and UV regions, hybrid multiple layers of silica nanoparticles, zinc oxide particles, and fluorine-doped tin oxide nanoparticles were formed on glass and polymer substrates. Spectrophotometry in the UV–vis–near-IR regions revealed that the substrates prevented heat loss well. The glass and polymer substrates achieved transmittance values of 80 % in the visible-light region, 50 % to 60 % in the IR region, and 90 % in the UV region.
Suppressed thermal conductivity; Nanoparticles; Zinc oxide; Fluorine-doped tin oxide; Deep coating.
aDepartment of Hydrogen Energy Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Korea, bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 243-249.
Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) via electrochemical oxidation process can replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for green hydrogen production since UOR has lower thermodynamic potential (0.37 VRHE) than that of OER (1.23 VRHE). However, in the case of UOR, 6 electrons are required for the entire UOR. For this reason, the reaction rate is slower than OER, which requires 4 electrons. In addition, it is an important challenge to develop catalysts in which both oxidation reactions (UOR and OER) are active since the active sites of OER and UOR are opposite to each other. We prove that among the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal method at various synthesis temperatures, NiFe2O4 nanoparticle with properly controlled particle size and crystallinity can actively operate OER and UOR at the same time.
Nanoparticle; Hydrothermal method; Oxygen evolution reaction; Urea oxidation; Hydrogen production.
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 250-258.
Ceramic oxide layer was formed on the surface of high silicon aluminum alloy by using PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) process. The microstructure of the oxide layer was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The high silicon aluminum alloy prior to PEO process consists of Al, Si and Al2Cu phases in XRD analysis, whereas Al2Cu phase selectively disappeared after PEO treatment. Considerable decrease of relative intensity in most of peaks in XRD results of the high silicon aluminum alloy treated by PEO process was observed. It may be attributed to the formation of amorphous phases after PEO treatment. The corrosion behavior of the high silicon aluminum alloy treated by PEO process was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and other electrochemical techniques (i.e., open circuit potential and polarization curve). Electroanalytical studies indicated that the high silicon aluminum alloy treated by PEO process shows greater corrosion resistance than that untreated by PEO process.
Electrochemical process; plasma electrolytic oxidation; corrosion behavior; high silicon aluminum alloy; ceramic oxide layer.
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 259-264.
As the demand for lithium-ion batteries, a key power source in electric vehicles and energy storage systems, continues to increase for achieving global carbon neutrality, there is a growing concern about the environmental impact of disposing of spent batteries. Extensive research is underway to develop efficient recycling methods. While hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy methods are commonly used to recover valuable metals from spent cathode materials, they have drawbacks including hazardous waste and complex processes. Hence, alternative recycling methods that are environmentally friendly are being explored. However, recycling spent cathode materials still remains complex and energy-intensive. This study focuses on a novel approach called solid-state synthesis, which aims at regenerating the performance of spent cathode materials. The method offers a simpler process and reduces energy consumption. Optimal heat treatment conditions were identified based on experimental results, contributing to the development of sustainable recycling technologies for lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium-ion battery; recycling; cathode materials; solid-state synthesis.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 265-272.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is one of the promising methods for hydrogen production by solar energy. Iron oxide has been effectively investigated as a photoelectrode material for PEC water splitting due to its intrinsic property such as short minority carrier diffusion length. However, iron oxide has a low PEC efficiency owing to a high recombination rate between photoexcited electrons and holes. In this study, we synthesized nanoporous structured iron oxide by anodization to overcome the drawbacks and to increase surface area. The anodized iron oxide was annealed in Ar atmosphere with different purging times. In conclusion, the highest current density of 0.032 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE was obtained with 60 s of pursing for iron oxide(Fe-60), which was 3 times higher in photocurrent density compared to iron oxide annealed with 600 s of pursing(Fe-600). The resistances and donor densities were also evaluated for all the anodized iron oxide by electrochemical impedance spectra and Mott-Schottky plot analysis.
Anodization: Iron oxide: Photoelectrochemical property: Heat treatment: Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency.
aDepartment of Healthcare Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea, bMedical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, 28160, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 273-282.
In this study, the surface of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) disks was modified to have a hydrophilic surface by applying a coating of Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Hyaluronic acid(HA), and Poly-Dopamine(PDA). The investigation aimed to examine whether the coated surfaces showed enhanced bioactivity for orthopedic applications compared to the pure PEEK. The microstructure, surface characteristics, and wettability of PEEK coated with PEG, HA, and PDA were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), FT-IR spectrophotometer, Roughness Measurement System, Micro-Vickers, and Contact angle measurement. The mechanical properties were analyzed using a tensile testing machine, while the MTT assay for cell activity was analyzed using a microplate reader to measure optical density. According to the SEM and FT-IR results, the composition and crystal structure of PEG, HA and PDA coated surface were verified. Also, roughness, hardness, and contact angle were all improved in the coating group compared to the pure PEEK. We checked the HepG2 cell proliferation by using MTT assay on 7th days. In MTT assay results, HepG2 cell proliferation was increased with time, at 7 days, cell viability on discs coated with PDA was significantly higher than pure PEEK, PEG, HA coated group. PDA coated PEEK exhibited the highest surface roughness, hardness, contact angle, and cell activity. The mechanical properties were not affected by the presence of the coating.
PEEK; Surface modification; Bioactivity; PEG (Polyethylene glycol); HA (Hyaluronic acid); Poly-Dopamine (PDA).
aGraduate School of Industry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, Korea, bKEMP Co., Ltd, 87, Hyomun 2-ro, Buk-gu, Ulsan, 44252, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 283-287.
The structures for road safety are guard rails that protect the cars and passengers. If an accident occurs on the roads after a long period of installation, it may escalate into a major disaster. In order to repair many guard rails, the existing repair method of replacing them with new ones requires enormous financial resources. To solve this problem, the G-SAVE method was developed to repair the guard rail without replacing them. This method removes the rust on the surface of the guard rail and then performs ambient-dip galvanizing coating on it without replacing the new ones. No studies or reports have yet been made on the risk assessment of harmful substances, vehicles for these entire processes. Therefore, this paper focuses on risk assessment using the PHA(Preliminary Hazard Analysis) technique and conducts risk assessment for concept design stage of the coating vehicles.
PHA; G-SAVE; Risk Assessment; Cleaning Vehicle; Coating Vehicle.
aDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea bR&D Center, ILSUNG Plating Co. Ltd., Daegu 42697, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 289-298.
In this study, the effect of drying temperature on characteristics of the trivalent chromate film on electroplated zinc was investigated. An zinc-electroplated iron specimen with a thickness of 5 μm was used for chromate treatment. Chromate treatment was conducted in a solution diluted 10 times from a mixture of Cr(NO3)3∙9H20 360 g/L, Co(NO3)2∙6H2O 60 g/L, Na2SO4 60 g/L, NH4F∙HF 25 g/L, and NaOH 20 g/L. The zinc electroplated specimen was treated using the chromate solution with pH 2.0 at 25 ℃ for 60 s. Subsequently, chromate-treated samples were dried in an electric furnace for 2h with temperature varied from 25 to 125 ℃. The corrosion rate increased with the increase in the drying temperature, and the surface morphology of the chromate-treated film was observed using FE-SEM. When the drying temperature changed, the color of the chromate film changed from green to yellow, and the thickness of the film changed from 362 to 241 nm, respectively. Additionally, corrosion resistance was evaluated via a salt spray test.
Zinc Electroplating; Chromate; Corrosion Resistance; Drying Tempareture; Film Color; Film Thickness
a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea b Department of Batteries Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 299-308.
In this study, phosphorus (P)-doped nickel cobaltite (P-NiCo2O4) and nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (P-NiCo-LDH) were synthesized on nickel (Ni) foam as a conductive support using hydrothermal synthesis. The thermal properties, crystal structure, microscopic surface morphology, chemical distribution, electronic state of the constituent elements on the sample surface, and electrical properties of the synthesized P-NiCo2O4 and P-NiCo-LDH samples were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The P-NiCo2O4 electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 1,129 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1, while the P-NiCo-LDH electrode displayed a specific capacitance of 1,012 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1. When assessing capacity changes for 3,000 cycles, the P-NiCo2O4 electrode exhibited a capacity retention rate of 54%, whereas the P-NiCo-LDH electrode showed a capacity retention rate of 57%.
NiCo2O4, Hydrothermal Method, Supercapacitor, Phosphorus Doping, Electrode, Energy Storage Device
aKorea Textile Development Institute, Daegu 41842, Korea bDYETEC Institute, Daegu 41706, Korea cDHTECH, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39821, Korea dSMEs Growth Support Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 309-319.
Non-woven fabric is a textile product made by spinning thermoplastic polymers without manufacturing processes such as stretching, doubling, twisting, weaving, and knitting to form a sheet-shaped web in which fibers are tangled with each other, and then combining them by mechanical and physical methods. In addition, the non-woven fabric manufacturing process has various raw material choices, high productivity, so it is a textile manufacturing technology that can have various uses and increase added value. This study was conducted to control the shape and physical properties of products by improving the manufacturing method of melt-blown non-woven fabrics using process technology that easily changes the shape of non-woven fabrics and improves mechanical properties. In particular, it is considered that a non-woven fabric with a thin material shape and improved mechanical properties will be easily applied to a continuous secondary battery manufacturing industry such as roll to roll operation.
non-woven, melt-blown, thermoplastic polymer, calendering, control, shape, physical property
a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea b Department of Batteries Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 320-327.
In this study, the nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) electrode for supercapacitor was prepared via hydrothermal method. Based on the nickel (Ni) foam, the electrode does not require any additional binder material or post-processing. Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2) and hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4) were used for synthesis, and the synthesis condition was 12 hours at 80 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to analyze the structural characteristics of the electrode, and it shown that the nickel hydroxide was successfully prepared after only the one-step hydrothermal synthesis. The electrochemical properties were analyzed through the half-cell test. The prepared electrode shown a pair of oxidation/reduction peaks, indicating that the driving method included the redox reaction on the electrode surface. After the charge/discharge test, the specific capacitance was calculated as the value of 438 F/g at 3 A/g.
Hydrothermal synthesis, Nickel hydroxide, Nickel foam, Supercapacitor
aDepartment of Materials Chemistry, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan bAdvanced Manufacturing Process R&D Group, Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan, 44313, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 328-334.
The carbon-based films have various properties, which have been widely applied in industrial application. However, it has critical drawback for poor adhesion between films and metal substrate. In the present work, we have deposited carbon-based films on injection mold steel by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). In order to improve adhesion, prior to film deposition, the substrate was nitriding-treated using PACVD. And its effect on the adhesion was investigated. Due to the pre-nitriding, the amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN:H) films presented 10 times higher adhesion (34.9 N) than that of un-nitirided. In addition, a friction coefficient was decreased from 0.29 to 0.15 for the amorphous carbon (a-C:H) due to improved adhesion. The obtained results demonstrated that pre-nitriding considerably improved the adhesion, and the relationship among adhesion, hardness, and surface roughness was discussed in detail.
Plasma assistant chemical vapor deposition, Adhesion, Amorphous carbon nitride
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea bAdvanced Hybrid Production Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50635, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 335-340.
Quinary component of 3μm thick Ti-Al-Si-Cu-N films were deposited onto WC-Co and Si wafer substrates by using an arc ion plating(AIP) system. In this study, the influence of copper(Cu) contents on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the films were investigated. The hardness of the films with 3.1 at.% Cu addition exhibited the hardness value of above 42 GPa due to the microstructural change as well as the solid-solution hardening. The instrumental analyses revealed that the deposited film with Cu content of 3.1 at.% was a nano-composites with nano-sized crystallites (5–7 nm in dia.) and a thin layer of amorphous Si3N4 phase.
Ti–Al–Si–Cu–N; Nano-composite; Nano-hardness; Microstructure; Arc ion plating.
a Interdisciplinary Program in Advanced Functional Materials and Devices Development, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea b Department of Battery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 341-352.
This paper reviews the potentials of a rotary chemical vapor deposition (RCVD) process for nanomaterial synthesis and coating on powder-based materials. The rotary reactor offers a significant improvement over traditional CVD methods having horizontal and fixed reaction chambers. The RCVD system yields enhanced productivity and surface coating uniformity of nanoparticles applied in various purposes, such as efficient heat dissipation, surface hardness enhancement, and enhanced energy storage performances. The effectiveness of the RCVD system would open up new possibilities in various applications because uniform coating on powder-based materials with massive productivity is inevitable to develop multi-functional materials with high reliability.
Thermal chemical vapor deposition; Rotary chemical vapor deposition; Powder coating; Mass production.
Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, 53064, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 353-370.
Corrosion detection and analysis is a very important topic in reducing costs and preventing disasters. Recently, image processing techniques have been widely applied to corrosion identification and analysis. In this work, we briefly introduces traditional image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms applied to detect or analyze corrosion in various fields. Recently, machine learning, especially CNN-based algorithms, have been widely applied to corrosion detection. Additionally, research on applying machine learning to region segmentation is very actively underway. The corrosion is reddish and brown in color and has a very irregular shape, so a combination of techniques that consider color and texture, various mathematical techniques, and machine learning algorithms are used to detect and analyze corrosion. We present examples of the application of traditional image processing techniques and machine learning to corrosion detection and analysis.
Corrosion, Color Models, Image Segmentation, Machine Learning
a Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea b Clean Hydrogen and Ammonia Innovation Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea c Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Kongju, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 371-379.
Ammonia, which is closely related to our lives, has a significant impact on our lives as a representative substance for crop cultivation. Recently, it has gained attention as an efficient and productive hydrogen/storing substance that can replace fossil fuels. Efforts are being made to utilize it as a renewable energy source through thermochemical and electrochemical reactions. However, the use of ammonia, which encompasses the era, carries inherent toxicity, so a comprehensive understanding of ammonia safety is necessary. To ensure safety in the transportation and storage of ammonia and chemical substances domestically and internationally, national and organizational standards are being developed and provided through documents and simple symbols to help people understand. This review explores the chemical characteristics of ammonia, its impact on human health, and the global trends in safety standards related to ammonia. Through this examination, the paper aims to contribute to the discourse on the safety and risk management of ammonia transport and storage, crucial for achieving carbon neutrality and expanding the hydrogen economy.
Ammonia; Ammonia Certification; Hydrogen Storage; Safety; Risk assessment
College of Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 380-385.
In this study, an MPB PMNT system containing 0.05 to 0.10 wt.% BaTiO3 was synthesized using a traditional chemical method and its pyroelectricity was investigated. Pyroelectricity, dielectricity, and ferroelectricity of the synthesized BaTiO3-PMNT system were analyzed by heat treatment at 1240~1280 ℃ for 4 hours to evaluate its applicability as a pyroelectric sensor. Unlike the simple ABO3 ferroelectric, the BaTiO3-doped PMNT system exhibited phase transition characteristics over a wide temperature range typical of complex perovskite structures. Although no dramatic change could be confirmed depending on the amount of BaTiO3 added, stable pyroelectricity was maintained near room temperature and over a wide temperature range. When the amount of BaTiO3 added increased from 0.05BaTiO3-PMNT to 0.10BaTiO3-PMNT, the electric field slightly increased from 5.00x103 kV/m to 6.75x103 kV/m, and the maximum value of remanent polarization slightly increased from 0.223 C/m2 to 0.234 C/m2. The pyroelectric coefficients of 0.05BaTiO3-PMNT and 0.10BaTiO3- PMNT at room temperature were measured to be ~0.0084 C/m2K and ~0.0043 C/m2K, respectively. The relaxor ferroelectric properties of the BaTiO3-PMNT system were confirmed by analyzing the plot of Kmax/K versus (T-Tmax)γ. The BaTiO3-doped MPB PMNT system showed a distinct pyroelectric performance index at room temperature, and the values were Fv ~ 0.0362 m2/C, Fd ~ 0.575x10-4 Pa-1/2.
BaTiO3 ; PMNT ; Ferroelectric hysteresis ; Pyroelectricity.
a Heat and Surface Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea b Advanced Joining & Additive Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea c Center for Surface Technology and Applications, Department of Materials
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 386-392.
In this work, we describe the reduction kinetics of gold nanoparticles synthesized by plasma discharge in aqueous solutions with varied voltages and precursor (HAuCl4) concentrations. The reduction rate of [AuCl4]– was determined by introducing NaBr to the gold colloidal solution synthesized by plasma discharge, serving as a catalyst in the reduction process. We observed that [AuCl4]– was completely reduced when its characteristic absorption peak at 380 nm disappeared, indicating the absence of [AuCl4]– for ligand exchange with NaBr. The reduction rate notably increased with the rise in discharge voltage, attributable to the intensified plasma generated by ionization and excitation, which in turn accelerated the reduction kinetics. Regarding precursor concentration, a lower concentration was found to retard the reduction reaction, significantly influencing the reduction kinetics due to the presence of active H+ and H radicals. Therefore, the production of strong plasma with high plasma density was observed to enhance the reduction kinetics, as evidenced by optical emission spectroscopy.
Plasma process in aqueous solutions; ligand exchange reaction; reduction kinetics
aDepartment of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju Baekjaedaero 567, Korea bDongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan Baegyang-daero 804, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 393-400.
Acetone, a metabolite detected from the exhaled breath of people doing a diet, can be used for non-invasive monitoring of diet efficiency. Thus, gas sensors with rapid response and recovery characteristics to acetone need to be developed. Herein, we report ultrafast acetone sensors using Ce-doped In2O3 nanoparticles prepared by the one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The pure In2O3 sensor shows a high response and fast response time (τres = 6 s) upon exposure to 2 ppm acetone at 300 ℃, while exhibiting a relatively sluggish recovery speed (τrecov = 1129 s). When 20 wt% Ce is doped, the τrecov of the sensor significantly decreased to 45 s withholding the fast-responding characteristic (τres = 6 s). In addition, the acetone response (resistance ratio, S) of the sensor is as high as 5.8, sufficiently high to detect breath acetone. Moreover, the sensor shows similar acetone sensing characteristics even under a highly humid condition (relative humidity of 60%) in terms of τres (6 s), τrecov (47 s), and S (4.7), demonstrating its high potential in real applications. The excellent acetone sensing characteristics of Ce-doped In2O3 nanoparticles are discussed in terms of their size, composition, phase, and oxygen adsorption on the sensing surface.
Gas sensor, acetone, fast recovery, Ce-In2O3, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis
aHeat & Surface Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea. bDepartment of Materials Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, 10540, Republic of Korea.
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 401-411.
This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mitigation in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. The ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized using plasma discharge in water, resulting in rod-shaped particles with a hexagonal crystal structure. The ZnO nanoparticles are applied to Alloy 600 tubes in simulated nuclear power plant atmospheres to evaluate their effectiveness. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the formation of thermodynamically stable ZnCr2O4 and ZnFe2O4 spinel phases with a depth of approximately 35 nm on the surface after 240 hours of treatment. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mitigation experiments reveal that ZnO treatment enhances thermal and mechanical stability. The ZnO-treated specimens exhibit increased maximum temperature tolerance up to 310 °C and higher-pressure resistance up to 60 bar compared to non-treated ZnO samples. Measurements of crack length indicate reduced crack propagation in ZnO-treated specimens. The formation of thermodynamically stable Zn spinel structures on the surface of Alloy 600 and the subsequent improvements in surface properties contribute to the enhanced durability and performance of the material in challenging high-temperature and high-pressure environments. These findings have significant implications for the development of corrosion-resistant materials and the mitigation of stress corrosion cracking in various industries.
SCC, ZnO nanoparticle, ECP, Spinel structure, PWR, Alloy 600
aDepartment of Hydrogen Energy Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Korea bDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Korea cAdvanced Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 412-419.
Anion exchange membrane electrolysis is considered a promising next-generation hydrogen production technology that can produce low-cost, clean hydrogen. However, anion exchange membrane electrolysis technology is in its early stages of development and requires intensive research on electrodes, which are a key component of the catalyst-system interface. In this study, we optimized the pressure conditions of the hot-pressing process to manufacture cobalt oxide electrodes for the development of a high uniformity and high adhesion electrode production process for the oxygen evolution reaction. As the pressure increased, the reduction of pores within the electrode and increased densification of catalytic particles led to the formation of a uniform electrode surface. The cobalt oxide electrode optimized for pressure conditions exhibited improved catalytic activity and durability. The optimized electrode was used as the anode in an AEMWE single cell, exhibiting a current density of 1.53 A cm-2 at a cell voltage of 1.85 V. In a durability test conducted for 100 h at a constant current density of 500 mA cm-2, it demonstrated excellent durability with a low degradation rate of 15.9 mV kh-1, maintaining 99% of its initial performance.
Hydrogen production, Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, Oxygen evolution reaction, Cobalt Oxide, Highly uniform electrode.
aDongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 420-426.
We prepared a highly sensitive hydrogen (H2) sensor based on Indium oxides (In2O3) porous nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Platinum (Pt) nanoparticle in the range of 1.6~5.7 at.%. In2O3 NPs were fabricated by microwave irradiation method, and decorations of Pt nanoparticles were performed by electroless plating on In2O3 NPs. Crystal structures, morphologies, and chemical information on Pt-loaded In2O3 NPs were characterized by grazing-incident X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of the Pt nanoparticles on the H2-sensing performance of In2O3 NPs was investigated over a low concentration range of 5 ppm of H2 at 150–300 °C working temperatures. The results showed that the H2 response greatly increased with decreasing sensing temperature. The H2 response of Pt loaded porous In2O3 NPs is higher than that of pristine In2O3 NPs. H2 gas selectivity and high sensitivity was explained by the extension of the electron depletion layer and catalytic effect. Pt loaded porous In2O3 NPs sensor can be a robust manner for achieving enhanced gas selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of H2.
Gas sensor, Hydrogen, fast recovery, In2O3 , microwave irradiation method, Platinum
a Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea b Fuel Cell Research & Demonstration Center, Future Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 20-41 Sinjaesaengeneogi-ro, Haseo-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 56332, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 427-436.
In the industry, it is recognized that human activities significantly lead to a large amount of wastewater, mainly due to the increased use of water and energy. As a result, the growing field of wastewater resource technology is getting more attention. The common technology for hydrogen production, water electrolysis, requires purified water, leading to the need for desalination and reprocessing. However, producing hydrogen directly from wastewater could be a more cost-effective option compared to traditional methods. To achieve this, a series of first-principle computational simulations were conducted to assess how waste nutrient ions affect standard electrolysis catalysts. This study focused on understanding the adsorption mechanisms of byproducts related to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis, using Co3O4 as a typical non-precious metal catalyst. At the same time, efforts were made to develop a comprehensive free energy prediction model for more accurate predictions of OER results.
: Electrolysis, Electrocatalyst, Oxygen evolution reaction, Density Functional Theory, Waste nutrient solutions
School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH), Cheonan 31253, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 437-442.
This research aims to enhance the efficiency of Pt/C catalysts due to the limited availability and high cost of platinum in contemporary fuel cell catalysts. Nano-sized platinum particles were distributed onto a carbon-based support via the polyol process, utilizing the metal precursor H2PtCl6⦁6H2O. Key parameters such as pH, temperature, and RPM were carefully regulated. The findings revealed variations in the particle size, distribution, and dispersion of nano-sized Pt particles, influenced by temperature and pH. Following sodium hydroxide treatment, heat treatment procedures were systematically executed at diverse temperatures, specifically 120, 140, and 160 °C. Notably, the thermal treatment at 140 °C facilitated the production of Pt/C catalysts characterized by the smallest platinum particle size, measuring at 1.49 nm. Comparative evaluations between the commercially available Pt/C catalysts and those synthesized in this study were meticulously conducted through cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM EDS) methodologies. The catalyst synthesized at 160 °C demonstrated superior electrochemical performance; however, it is imperative to underscore the necessity for further optimization studies to refine its efficacy.
Polyol process; Pt/C catalyst; Fuel cell; Nano particle; Cyclic voltammetry
aEngineering Materials Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do 17303, Republic of Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 443-450.
SiC/SiCf CMC is vulnerable to water vapor corrosion at a high temperature of 1500℃. So, EBC (Environmental Barrier Coating) materials are required to protect Si-based CMCs. Ytterbium silicates are reported to coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to that of the based material, such as SiC/SiCf CMC. When the EBC materials expose to high temperature environment, the interface between ytterbium silicates and SiC/SiCf CMC is not separated, and the coating purpose can be safely achieved. For the perspective of EBC applications, thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer with different CTE is formed by the reaction with water vapor in EBC, which leads to a decrease in life time. In this study, we prepare the two types of ytterbium silicates to observe the corrosion behavior during the expose to high temperature and water vapor. In order to observe this behavior, the steam-jet furnace is prepared. In addition, phase formation of these ytterbium silicates is analyzed with microstructures by the before/after steam-jet evaluation at 1500℃ for 100 h.
Environmental barrier coatings(EBCs); ytterbium disilicate; steam-jet; phase formation.
aSchool of materials science and engineering, University of Ulsan, Korea bKBI Dongkook Ind. Co., Ltd, Ulsan, Korea cAutomotive Parts Institute Center, Ulsan Technopark, Ulsan, Korea dNara Mold & Die Co., Changwon, Korea
The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. , pp. 451-456.
Transparent conducting films having a three layered structure of ZnO/Cu/ZnO (ZCZ) were deposited onto the glass substrates by using RF and DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The emissivity and opto-electrical properties of the films were investigated with a varying thickness(5, 10, 15 nm) of the Cu interlayer. With increasing the Cu thickness to 15 nm, the films showed a enhanced electrical properties. Although ZnO 30/Cu 15/ZnO 30 nm film shows a lower resistivity of 5.2×10−5 Ωcm, it’s visible transmittance is deteriorated by increased optical absorbtion of the films. In addition, X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the insertion of Cu interlayer improve the grain size of ZnO films, which is favor for the electrical and optical properties of transparent conducting films. From the observed low emissivity of the films, it is concluded that the ZCZ thin films with optimal thickness of Cu interlayer can be applied effectively for the car’s window coating materials.
ZnO/Cu/ZnO, Magnetron sputtering, Emissivity, Electrical property, X-ray diffraction.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 1-8.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most intensively investigated materials in materials science. Mostly, TiO2 has been used in the form of nanoparticles, but recently new highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (U-tube) has been introduced and applied to variou
Anodization, TiO2 nanotubes, Photocatalysis, Memristor, Photoelectrochemistry
1Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 51508 Korea 2Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 34113 Korea 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 46241 Kor
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 9-17.
This work is concerned with the formation behavior of PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) films on Al6082 alloy under the application of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) in an alkaline solution. Arc initiation voltage became much lower by
Form of current, Plasma electrolytic oxidation, PEO, AA6082
1Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong Nationa University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 18-23.
Presence of cracks in electrodeposited hard chromium layer, which provide a path of corrosive media to steel substrate, is a serious issue in metal finishing with chromium electroplating. In this study, we added sodium molybdate in an electrolyte for chro
Low carbon steel, Chromium, Electroplating, Na2MoO4, Corrosion resistance
1Nano-Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea 3Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Techn
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 24-31.
This study investigated the effect of pre-treatment on the PEO film formation of AZ91 Mg alloy. The pre-treatment was conducted for 10 min at room temperature in 0.5 M oxalic acid (C2H2O4) solution containing various ammonium fluoride (NH4F) concentration
AZ91 Mg alloy, Plasma electrolytic oxidation, Pre-treatment
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241 bDivision of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 32-37.
In a carbon-zero social atmospher, research is underway to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Interest in cleaner energy sources and their storage system is growing, and among them, research on effective energy storage is being actively conducted. Energy s
NiCo2O4, Hydrothermal synthesis, Supercapacitor
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University 22212, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, South Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 38-50.
As a low-cost and high-efficiency electrocatalysts with high performance and stability become a key challenge in the development of the practical use of water electrolysis, there is an intense interest in transition-metal oxalate-based materials. Transiti
Transition metal; Oxalate; Water electrolysis; Electrocatalysts.
aDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea bInstitute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 51-62.
Metal-organic framework (MOF) is one of the representative porous materials composed of metal ions and organic linkers. In spite of many advantages of the MOFs such as high specific surface area and ease of structure control, drawbacks have become obsta
Metal-organic framework; ZIF-8; Carbon-based materials; Composite; Supercapacitor; Sensor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 63-69.
Preparing various types of thin films of oxide semiconductors is a promising approach to fabricate efficient photoanodes and photocathodes for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, we investigate the feasibility
Cupric oxide; Oxide thin film; Photocathode; Photoelectrochemical water reduction; Hydrogen production
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 70-76.
In this paper, we compared the properties of the chromium nitride (CrN) films prepared by inductively coupled plasma magnetron sputtering (ICPMS). As a comparison, CrN film prepared by a direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) is also studied. The cry
Inductively coupled plasma; Corrosion resistance; Chromium Nitride
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 77-83.
Nanocrystalline MoN coatings were prepared by inductively coupled plasma magnetron sputtering (ICPMS) changing the plasma power from 0 W to 200 W. The properties of the coatings were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microsco
Inductively coupled plasma; Υ-Mo2N; Crystal structure; Roughness; Electrical resistivity
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University 22212, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, South Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 84-90.
With the growing interest in energy storage and conversion systems including secondary batteries, capacitors, and water electrolysis, various electrode materials are being developed to improve the energy efficiency. Among them, graphene is regarded as one
Graphene; Transition metal; Electrochemical exfoliation
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea bKorea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50635, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 91-95.
ZnO single layer (60 nm thick) and ZnO with Ag interlayer (ZnO/Ag/ZnO; ZAZ) films were deposited on the glass substrates by using radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputter to evaluate the effectiveness of Ag interlayer on the optical
ZnO/Ag/ZnO; Magnetron sputtering; Visible transmittance; Electrical resistivity.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 96-101.
The effects of the growth temperature on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of BaWO4:Sm3+ phosphor thin films were investigated. The BaWO4:Sm3+ thin films were grown on quartz substrates at several growth temperatures by radio-frequency
Thin Film, Photoluminescence, Growth temperature
aECTECH Co., Ltd., Incheon, 226165, Republic of Korea bMSC Co., Ltd., Incheon, 21698, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 102-119.
Gold plating is used as a coating of connecter in printed circuit boards, ceramic integrated circuit packages, semiconductor devices and so on, because the film has excellent electric conductivity, solderability and chemical properties such as durability
cyanide-free plating; electroless Au plating; Immersion plating; Autocatalytic plating; complexing agent; reducing agent; deposition rate; solderability.
aECTECH Co., Ltd., Incheon, 226165, Republic of Korea bMSC Co., Ltd., Incheon, 21698, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 120-132.
In the non-cyanide-based electroless Au plating solution using thiomalic acid as a complexing agent and aminoethanethiol as a reducing agent, analysis of each component constituting the plating solution is essential for the analysis of the reaction mecha
Cyanide free plating; electroless Au plating; Immersion ating; Autocatalytic plating; Capillary Electrophoresis; Complexing agent; Reducing agent.
aSurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea cDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 133-142.
This paper reviews bipolar plate materials and coatings for polymer electrolyte fuel cell. First, six roles and 10 requirements of the bipolar plate are described in detail. Secondly, type of materials for the bipolar plate and their advantages and disadv
Fuel cell; PEFC; Bipolar plate; Coatings
aDepartment of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea bCalifornia NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA cDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Univ
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 143-155.
Ceramic oxide layers successfully were formed on the surface of cast Al alloys with high Si contents using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process in electrolytes containing Na2SiO3, NaOH, and additives. The microstructure of the oxide layers was syst
Electrochemical process; plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO); corrosion behaviors; high-silicon aluminum alloys.
aDepartment of Electrochemistry, Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea c
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 156-163.
An ammonium ion with a size and charge similar to that of potassium can bind to valinomycin, which is used as an ion carrier for potassium, and cause a meaningful interference effect on the detection of potassium ions. Currently, there are few ion sensors
: K ion detection; ion-selective electrode; NH4 + interference behavior; K+ sensor; deep learning.
aDepartment of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, 53064, Korea bDivision of Mechatronics Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo, 58628, Korea cSteel Solution R&D Center, POSCO, Inchen, 21985, Kore
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 164-172.
Hot-dip galvanized steel(GI) is widely used throughout the industry as a corrosion resistance material. Corrosion of steel is a common phenomenon that results in the gradual degradation under various environmental conditions. Corrosion monitoring is to tr
Corrosion; Superpixel; DBSCAN; k-means clustering; HSV color space.
a Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, South Korea b Lighting Materials and Components Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 173-179.
This study presents a roll-to-roll process which is capable of Ag nanowire (AgNW) transfer from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to polycarbonate (PC) film. We developed a roll-to-roll machine that consists of two film suppliers, a coater of photo-cu
Roll-to-roll; Ag nanowire; AgNW/PET; AgNW/PC.
aDepartment of Hydrogen Energy Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 180-186.
The production of hydrogen via water electrolysis (i.e., green hydrogen) using renewable energy is key to the development of a sustainable society. However, most current electrocatalysts are based on expensive precious metals and require the use of highly
Hydrogen production; Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis; Oxygen evolution reaction; Electrodeposition; Direct growth.
School of Energy, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH), 1600 Chungjeol-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 187-195.
WO3 thin films were synthesized by electrodeposition, and their electrochromic properties were investigated. The application of static voltage produced WO3 films with a smooth, compact surface morphology, and the film thickness linearly increased with the
Electrochromism, Electrodeposition, WO3, 3D printer, electrochromic boards
aNano Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea cDepartment of Materials Science and E
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 196-201.
This paper deals with anodic oxidation behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy in aqueous solutions containing various NaF concentrations from 0.01 M to 1 M. Three different voltage-time curves and anodic oxide formation behaviors appeared with concentration of NaF in
AZ31 Mg alloy; Plasma electrolytic oxidation; Anodic oxidation behavior; NaF.
MSC Co., Ltd.
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 202-214.
Internal connections between device, package and external terminals for connecting packaging and printed circuit board are normally manufactured by electroless Ni-P plating followed by immersion Au plating (ENIG process) to ensure the connection reliabili
Cyanide-free plating; Electroless Au plating; Immersion plating; Autocatalytic plating, Deposition rate; Solderability; Particle size.
a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea b Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 215-221.
In the present work, copper oxide thin films were formed by heat-treatment method with different temperatures and atmosphere, e.g., at 200 ~ 400 ℃; in air and Ar atmosphere. The morphological, electrical and optical properties of the thermally fabricated
Photoelectrochemistry; Heat-treatment; Copper oxide; Water splitting; Thermal oxide.
a Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea b LANL-CBNU Engineering Institute Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea c Metallurgy Engineering, Jeonbuk
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 222-230.
The electroplating for copper foils has many advantages in economics. During the electroplating, the selection of appropriate additives is needed to manufacture copper foils with various properties. Therefore, it is investigated the initial plating voltag
benzothiazole; copper foil; electroplating; surface roughness; additives.
Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 231-235.
As environmental pollution becomes more serious, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles is rapidly increasing worldwide. Accordingly, the amount of waste batteries is also increasing, and a technology for re
Degradation diagnosis; Parallel-connected cells; Open circuit voltage; Lithium-ion batteries.
aGraduate school, Mokpo national maritime university, 91, Haeyangdaehak-ro, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, 58628, Korea bDivision of marine engineering, Mokpo national maritime university, 91, Haeyangdaehak-ro, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, 58628, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 236-246.
The purpose of this investigation is to examine the corrosion resistance and electrochemical characteristics in seawater of UNS S31603 with electropolishing process time. The roughness improvement rate after electropolishing was improved by about 78% comp
Electropolishing; Surface roughness; UNS S31603; Potentiodynimic polarization; EIS.
aResearch Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 247-260.
Since the first report on ferroelectricity in Si-doped hafnia (HfO2), this emerging ferroelectrics have been considered promising for the next-generation semiconductor devices with their characteristic nonvolatile data storage. The robust ferroelectricity
semiconductor; ferroelectric; memory device; atomic layer deposition; vacuum technology.
Advanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group, Korean Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 46938 Busan, South Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 261-272.
CO2 electroreduction is considered as a means to overcome climate change by converting CO2 into value-added chemicals and liquid fuels. Although numerous researchers have screened versatile metal for the use of electrodes, and looked into the reaction mec
CO2 electroreduction; Plasma; Surface treatment; Electrocatalyst design.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 273-283.
Al6061 aluminum alloy specimens were exposed to atmospheric conditions for maximum 24 months. 24-month exposure specimen showed some more frequent and larger size of corrosion products and pitting on the surface compared with the 12-month exposure specime
Aluminum alloy; Al6061; Atmospheric corrosion; pitting corrosion; Intergranular corrosion.
School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 284-291.
Herein, we studied ultrathin Cu-layer-based transparent heaters embedded between a ZnO underlayer and an Al2O3 overlayer. The anti-reflecting functions for the ZnO and Al2O3 layers by independently varying the layer thicknesses, with the Cu layer thicknes
aSurface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 292-298.
In this study, PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) film formation behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy under application of 300 Hz pulse current was studied by the analyses of V-t curve, arc generation behavior, PEO film thickness and morphology of PEO films with tr
Plasma electrolytic oxidation; AZ31 Mg alloy; Anodic oxide film; Pulse current.
aMSC Co., Ltd., Incheon, 21698, Republic of Korea bECTECH Co., Ltd., Incheon, 226165, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 299-307.
Gold plating is used as a coating of connector in printed circuit boards, ceramic integrated circuit packages, semiconductor devices and so on, because the film has excellent electric conductivity, solderability and chemical properties such as durability
cyanide-free plating; electroless Au plating; Immersion plating; Autocatalytic plating; deposition rate.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 308-318.
The surface modification and treatment using thermal plasma were reviewed in academic fields. In general, thermal plasma is generated by direct current (DC) and radiofrequency (RF) power sources. Thermal spray coating, a typical commercial process using t
Thermal plasma, Surface modification, Surface treatment, Coating.
aDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 30166, Republic of Korea bDepartment of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 30166, Republic of Korea cFuture Environment and Energy Researc
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 319-327.
Ion exchange membranes have been developed from laboratory tools to industrial products with significant technical and trade impacts in the last 70 years. Today, ion exchange membranes are successfully applied for water and energy for different electro-me
Anion exchange membrane, Durability, Water electrolysis.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 328-341.
Area selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a bottom-up nanopattern fabrication method that can grow the ALD films only on the desired substrate areas without using photolithography and etching processes. Particularly, AS-ALD has attracted great at
Area selective atomic layer deposition, selectivity, precursor, activation, deactivation.
aNano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea bAdvanced Materials Engineering Division, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gageong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Re
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 342-352.
Purine catabolite screening enables reliable diagnosis of certain diseases. In this regard, the development of a facile detection strategy with high sensitivity and selectivity is demanded for point-of-care applications. In this work, the simultaneous det
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Au nanopillars, electrodeposition, hotspots, uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine.
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University of Korea, Gyeonggi 15073, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 353-362.
Recently, transmittance of photomasks for ultra-violet (UV) region is getting more important, as the light source wavelength of an exposure process is shortened due to the demand for technologies about high integration and miniaturization of devices. Mean
Reactive DC magnetron sputtering, Antireflection coatings, Antistatic coatings, Transparent conductive coatings, Electrostatic damage.
aAdvanced Forming Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea bSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 363-367.
Transparent ZnO/Ti/ZnO (ZTZ) tri-layered films were prepared with radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate. The thickness of the ZnO and Ti films was kept at 50 and 10 nm to consider the effect of the electr
ZnO, Ti, XRD, AFM, Figure of merit.
aKorea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Engineering Materials Center, Icheon, 17303, Republic of Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 368-375 .
YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia) is used as a thermal barrier coating material for gas turbines due to its low thermal conductivity and high fracture toughness. However, the operating temperature of the gas turbine is rising according to the market demand
TBC, Modified YSZ, X-Ray Diffraction, Phase analysis, Tetragonality.
aEngineering Materials Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do 17303, Republic of Korea bResearch Center of SewonHardfacing co., ltd. Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 58618, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 376-382 .
Yb2Si2O7 has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the base material of SiC and has excellent corrosion resistance in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere including water vapor, so it is being studied as one of the materials for environ
Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs), Yb2Si2O7, Phase formation, Microstructural characteristics.
Climate&environmental real-scale testing center, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Jincheon, 27872, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 383-389 .
Natural(outdoor) and accelerated(artificial) weathering tests were performed to investigate their influence on polycarbonate. The polycarbonate materials were prepared of various formulations divided into three batches, with existing, development material
Outdoor weathering, Accelerated weathering, Yellow-index, Polycarbonate.
aDepartment of Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K MEDI hub), Daegu 41061, South Korea bNew Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K MEDI hub), Daegu 41061, South Korea cDepa
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 390-397 .
Parylene-C which was mainly used for industries such as electronics, machinery and semiconductors has recently been in the spotlight in the medical field due to its properties such as corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In this study we intend to d
Parylene-C coating, SUS304, SEM, Contact Angle, coating test.
aDepartment of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea bDivision of Marine Mechatronics, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 58628, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 398-402.
Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP) is an high energy efficient insulation system that facilitate slim but high insulation performance, based on based on a porous core material evacuated and encapsulated in a multi-barrier envelope. Although VIP has been on the
Vacuum insulation panel, Harris corner detection, Image processing, crumpled paper, aging test.
aDepartment of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea bDepartment of Energy Mechanical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, 53064, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 403-407.
Grain size of material is important factor in evaluating mechanical properties. Methods for grain size determination are described in ASTM grain size standards. However, conventional method require pre-treatment of the surface to clarify grain boundaries.
Grain size, Scanning electron microscope, Watershed algorithm.
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 408-416 .
In this study, the effect of Au-Sn alloy coating on reliability of electrical contacts was investigated via comparison with Au-Co alloy coating. The results show that Au-Sn alloy exhibited lower contact resistance and higher solder spreadability than thos
Au-Sn alloy plating, Au alloy plating, Contact resistance, Connection reliability, Thermal aging.
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-eui University, 176 Eomgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 417-424 .
aAdvanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering(IAE) 175-28, Goan-ro 51 beon-gil, Baegam-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi, 17180, Korea bCenter for Green Energy and Industry Intelligence, Institute for Advanced Engineeri
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 425-432 .
Antifouling paints that inhibit the attachment and contamination of marine organisms mainly use TBT compounds, but because of their toxic components, they cause ecosystem disturbance and environmental destruction problems, so It is necessary to research e
Anti-foulin, Surface treatment, Silane coating, Marine organism, Sea trial verification.
aKunsan national university, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54150, Korea bDivision of marine engineering, Kunsan national university, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54150, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 433-440.
Environmental pollution caused by power plant exhaust gas is highlighted and eco-friendly regulations are being strengthened. However, due to the abundant reserves and low prices of coal, still the most used for power generation in the world. Therefore, f
Dew point, Corrosion rate, Exhaust gas temperature, Sulfuric acid concentration.
aDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 22212 Incheon, Republic of Korea bDae Joo Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea cCore Facility Center for Sustainable Energy Materials, Inha University, 22212 Incheon, Republi
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 441-447.
Silicon-based materials are one of the most promising anode active materials in lithium-ion battery. A carbon layer decorated on the surface of silicon particles efficiently suppresses the large volume expansion of silicon and improves electrical conducti
Silicon suboxide, Carbon coating, Chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
aDivision of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Korea bDepartment of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Korea cInterdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 448-459.
Generally, steel is the most commonly used in the industry because of good strength, processability and cost-effectiveness. Steel can be surface-treated such as coating or used as an alloy by adding elements such as Cr, Ni, Zr, and Al to increase corrosio
Hot dip Al-Si plated steel, Cr film, High temperature condition, Corrosion resistance, Fe based intermetallic compounds.
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 55, No. , pp. 460-468.
Due to its high electrical conductivity, low contact resistance, good weldability and high corrosion resi-stance, gold is widely used in electronic components such as connectors and printed circuit boards (PCB). Gold ion salts currently used in gold plati
Gold, Electroplating, Gold sulfite, Thallium, Palladium.
Department of Electrochemistry, Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS);Department of Electrochemistry, Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS);Department of Electrochemistry, Surface Technol
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 1-11.
Porous dendrite structure AuCu alloy was formed using a hydrogen bubble template (HBT) technique by electroplating to improve the catalytic performance of gold, known as an excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in alkaline medium. The rich Au
oxygen reduction reaction;AuCu;alloy;etching;porous surface;dendrite;
The Institute of Materials Technology, Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 12-17.
Among the various precious metals, silver is used in various fields because of its low price than other precious metals. However, the surface of silver remains after rain in the atmosphere containing sulfur ions and chlorine ions, causing silver corrosion
Silver;Al sacrificial anode;surface corrosion;discolor;sulfuric acid;
College of Engineering, Dankook University;Department of Physics, Dankook University;Department of Physics, Dankook University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 18-24.
KNN is widely used in the electronic industry such as memory devices, sensors, and capacitors due to various structural, electrical, and eco-friendly properties. In this study, Mn-doped KNN was prepared by adopting a sol-gel method with advantages of low
KNN;Manganese (Mn) ion;Sol-gel;Thin film;
Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials;Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University;D
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 25-29.
The fabrication of nanopore membrane by deposition of Al2O3 film using electron-beam evaporation, which is fast, cost-effective, and negligible dependency on substance material, is investigated for potential applications in water purification and sensors.
Nanopore membrane;Anodic aluminum oxide(AAO);Thin-film deposition;Electron-beam evaporation;
R&D center, YKMC Inc.;Program in Metals and Materials Process Engineering, Inha University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 30-36.
In this study, double-layered anodizing films were formed on Al 5052 and Al 6061 alloys consecutively first in sulfuric acid and then in oxalic acid, and hardness, withstand voltage, surface roughness and acid resistance of the anodizing films were compar
Aluminum;consecutive two-anodizing process;Oxalic acid;Sulfuric acid anodizing;Hardness;Dielectric breakdown;Acid resistance;
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University;Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University;Dongkang Tech Corp.;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 37-42.
Electrodeposition is a synthetic method that allows fine control of the nucleation and growth factors of metals and is a suitable method for studying the nucleation and growth of Ni(OH)2. Hexa-methylenetetramine (HMT) helps to form Ni(OH)2 nanosheets by i
Electrodeposition;Hexa-methylenetetramine (HMT);<TEX>$Ni(OH)_2$</TEX> nanosheet;Scharifker-Hills nucleation theory model;
1School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea, 2Advanced material application department, Korea Polytechnic College, 478 Munemiro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheo 21417, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 43-52.
The Ni-based superalloy, Inconel 740, was corroded between 800 and 1100oC for up to 100 hr in air and Ar-0.2%SO2 gas in order to study its corrosion behavior in air and sulfur/oxygen environment. It displayed relatively good corrosion resistance in both e
Alloys, casting, oxidation, SO2-corrosion, Inconel 74
aDepartment of mechanical engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Korea b Extreme Environmental Coating Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Korea dDepartment of Advanced Science and Technology Conve
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 53-61.
The properties of tetrahedral amorphous Carbon (ta-C) film can be determined by multiple parameters and comprehensive effects of those parameters during a deposition process with filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA). In this study, Taguchi method was ado
Filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA); Taguchi robust design; Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C);Diamond like carbon (DLC)
School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 62-70.
Al2024 aluminum alloy specimens were exposed to atmospheric conditions for maximum 24 months and analyzed by electron microscopes to characterize their corrosion behavior and oxide film characteristics. As the exposure time increased from 12 months to 2
Aluminum alloy, Al2024, Atmospheric corrosion, pitting corrosion, Intergranular corrosion
a The Institute of Materials Technology, Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea bSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Kore
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 71-76.
Ag925, silver with added copper, is popular alloy due to its low price. However, it has a difficult to use because of the low corrosion resistance. In various alloys, neodymium (Nd) works as an element to improve corrosion resistance by reacting with in
Silver, Neodymium, Electrochemical properties, Potentiodynamic polarization curve, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
aSchool of Convergence & Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, 37224, Republic of Korea. bBiomedical Research Institute, Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Kyu
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 77-83.
In this study, we investigated various coating methods of graphene oxide on the surface of a petri dish made of polystyrene and analyzed the physical and chemical properties of the coated surface. For coating, spinning, spraying and pressing methods w
Graphene oxide, Spin coating, Spray coating, Hand-press coating
aDepartment of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, 53064, Korea bDivision of Marine Mechatronics, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo, 58628, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 84-89.
The visual inspection method is widely used for corrosion damage analysis of steel plate due to the cost-efficient, fast and reasonably accurate results. However, visual inspection of corrosion deteriorated degree has a problem that the reliability of res
Image Segmentation, Grabcut, HSV color
1Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea 2Business Support Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 101, Soho-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 90-95.
Surface modification technique enabling the control of condensation provides various benefit in various engineering systems, such as heat transfer, desalination, power plants, and so on. In this study, lubricant oil-impregnation into Teflon-coated nanop
Condensation Heat Transfer; Anodic Aluminum Oxide; Hydrophobic; Nanoporous Structure
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 96-101.
NaNbO3:Eu 3+ phosphor thin films were grown on quartz substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at a growth temperature of 100 oC, with subsequent annealing at temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 oC. The effects of annealing temperature on th
Thin Film, Photoluminescence, Annealing
1Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea 2POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Donghaean-ro, Pohang 37859, Republic of Korea 3School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongmyong Un
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 102-111.
The corrosion behaviors of laser-welded super duplex stainless steel tubes with post-weld heat treatment(PWHT) conditions(950, 1000, 1050, 1100 ℃ for 5 and 30 min) were evaluated by electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization and critical pitting tempera
Super duplex stainless steel, UNS S32506, Corrosion, PWHT, Laser welding
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 112-118.
Dy3+- and Eu3+-codoped BaWO4 phosphors for white light-emitting diode were synthesized with different activator ions via a solid-state reaction process. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the BaWO4:Dy3+,Eu3+ phosphors were investigat
Phosphor, Photoluminescence, Solid-state reaction
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Korea bKorea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50635, Korea cKorea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 119-123.
SnO2 single layer and SnO2/Ag/SnO2 (SAS) tri-layered films were deposited on the glass substrate by RF and DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature and then the effect of Ag interlayer on the opto-electrical performance of the films were considered. As
SnO2, Ag, Sheet resistance, XRD, AFM.
School of Energy, Materials & Chemical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan City, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 124-132.
Graphene which grown on the cobalt or nickel sputtered copper foil depending on the annealing time was studied. Graphene on the copper foil grown by chemical vapor deposition was compared to those on cobalt or nickel sputtered copper foil by using a RF (
Graphene, Cobalt, Nickel, Microstructure, Raman spectroscopy, Annealing time
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Yangsan 50623, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 133-138.
Ternary Ti–X–N coatings, where X = Al, Si, Cr, O, etc., have been widely used for machining tools and cutting tools such as inserts, end-mills, and etc. Ti–Al–N–O coatings were deposited onto silicon wafer and WC-Co substrates by a cathodic arc evaporati
Ti–Al–N–O Coatings, Substrate bias voltage, Cathodic arc evaporation, Microstructure
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Yangsan 50623, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 139-143.
Cr–Al–N coatings were deposited onto WC-Co substrates using a cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) system. CAE technique is recognized to be a very useful process for hard coatings because it has many advantages such as high packing density and good adhesion to
Cr–Al–N Coatings, Deposition temperature, Cathodic arc evaporation
aDepartment of advanced Materials Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 15073, Korea bEnergy Business Unit, Duckjin Co., Siheung 15078, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 144-151.
In the present work, planar-type ZnO powder of [0001] plane with a high aspect ratio range of 20:1 to 50:1 was synthesized. Ag or CuO could be coated on the planar-type ZnO powder by wet methods such as centrifugation or ball milling. During the coating,
Planar-type ZnO, Wet coating, Centrifugation, Ball milling, Antibacterial
aDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea bDongkang Tech Corp.,41497, Daegu, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 152-157.
The pseudocapacitor has a high energy density characteristic because it accumulates charges through a paradic redox reaction. However, due to its strong insulation properties, metal hydroxides should be designed as structural systems optimized for charge
Electrodeposition, Hexa-methylenetetramine (HMT), Ni(OH)2 nanosheet
1AnyCasting Co., Ltd., B-16th FL., Woolim BLDG., 583 Yangcheon-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, Korea 07547 2Dept. of Materials science and chemical engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 15588
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 158-163.
Some studies on electrochemical additive manufacturing of metals were summarized in this technical report, and development status of selective electrochemical 3D printing technology was introduced. In order to apply it to the PCB mass production process,
Copper, 3D printing, electroplating package
1 Department of Marine design Convergence Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 164-170.
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) have emerged as large-scale energy storage systems (ESS) due to their advantages such as low cross-contamination, long life, and flexible design. However, Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the negative half-cell ca
Vanadium redox flow battery, Hydrogen evolution reaction, Carbon nanotube, Oxygen functional group
1Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea 2Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea 3Department of Materials Science and Eng
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 171-177.
This paper is concerned with the surface hardness measurement of NiP-coated AA7050 using different loads from 10 to 100 g. The surface hardness was observed to increase from 180 to 600 Hv with increasing NiP layer thickness, depending on the load applied
Surface hardness, NiP, AA7050
College of Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 178-183.
The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric constant of the BaTiO3 substituted with two types of donor dopants, Nb5+ and Ta5+, respectively, were compared and analyzed. Dielectric specimens of four specific compositions, Ba0.95Nb0.05TiO3, B
BaTiO3, Dielectric properties, Modified Curie-Weiss law
1Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea 3Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 184-193.
This study demonstrates formation behavior and morphological changes of PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) films on AZ91 Mg alloy as a function of pre-treatment time in 1 M HF solution at 25 ± 1 ℃. The electrochemical behavior and morphological changes
AZ91 Mg alloy, Plasma electrolytic oxidation, Pre-treatmen
a Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34430, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 194-199.
In this study, rebar corrosion detection sensor was fabricated using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs were pre-treated in the acid electrolytes to attach the carboxylic acid to the surface of MWCNTs. The fabricated sensor was attached on th
Multiwall carobon nanotube, Corrosion, Corrosion detection sensor
1Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea 2Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea 3 Dept. of applied advanced materials, Ch
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 200-208.
This paper investigated generation behavior of micro-arcs and growth behavior of PEO films on the AA7050 disc specimen in 0.1 M NaAlO2 solution under the application of 1200 Hz anodic pulse current. Morphologies, thickness and surface roughness of PEO fil
Plasma electrolytic oxidation, Lateral growth, Anodic oxide film, AA7050
aDepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 209-214.
As coffee consumption per person increases annually to 323 cups in 2018, treating the spent coffee ground has arisen because spent coffee ground results in soil and air pollution. The demands of air purification filters are increasing more and more becau
Spent coffee ground, Electrocoagulation, Filter
Department of Physics, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 207-212.
The mechanical and electrical characteristics can be improved in 3D stacked IC technology which can accomplish the ultra-high integration by stacking more semiconductor chips within the limited package area through the Cu direct bonding method minimizin
Semiconductors, 3D chip stacking , Cu direct bonding, Interface
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University 22212, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 213-221.
In order to improve the energy density and safety of Li-ion batteries, the development of a separator with high thermal stability and electrolyte wettability is an important desire. Thus, the ceramic separator to replace the polymer type is one of the mo
Anodization; Anodic aluminium oxide; Ceramic; Separator; Li-ion battery
1Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2Energy Plant Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 222-229.
Icing causes various serious problems, where water vapor or water droplets adhere at cold conditions. Therefore, understanding of ice adhesion on solid surface and technology to reduce de-icing force are essential for surface finishing of metallic materi
De-Icing; Hydrophobic; Anodic Oxidation; Wettability
Advanced Hybrid Production Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50635, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 230-237.
In this study, the influence of silicon contents on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti–Al–Si–N coatings were systematically investigated for application of cutting tools. The composition of the Ti–Al–Si–N coatings were contr
Ti–Al–Si–N, Nanocomposite, Superhard, Tribological behavior, Arc ion plating.
aDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea bDivision of Advanced Materials Engineering and Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republi
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 238-247.
PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) was applied to modify the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy in this study. The mixed solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) was used as the electrolyte, and 0 – 0.05 g/L of Ca-GP (Glycerol Phosp
Magnesium alloy, Corrosion resistance, Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)
a Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Suncheon National University, Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea b POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Pohang 790-704, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 248-259.
This study examined the influence of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions on corrosion behaviors of laser-welded super duplex stainless steel tube. Due to the high cooling rate of laser welding, the phase fraction of ferrite and austenite in the wel
Super duplex stainless steel, Corrosion, Cr2N, Sigma phase, Post weld heat treatment
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 260-266.
Synthesizing low-dimensional structures of oxide semiconductors is a promising approach to fabricate highly efficient gas sensors by means of possible enhancement in surface-to-volume ratios of their sensing materials. In this work, vertically aligned zi
Zinc oxide, Oxide semiconductor, nanorod, NO2 gas sensor, Hydrothermal synthesis
1Eco-Friendly Thermal Surface Treatment R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology(KITECH), Siheung, 15014, korea 2Power materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology(KITECH), Suncheon, 58022, korea 3Department of Materi
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 267-277.
Nitriding layers developed during gaseous nitriding of AISI4115 steels for the application of steel bushing part were investigated. The compound layer thickness of about 10 ㎛, 0.3 mm of case depth under the same conditions, and conventional nitriding, ni
AISI4115, Wear properties, Gaseous nitriding, Surface hardening
aDepartment of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, 53064, Korea bDepartment of Energy Mechanical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, 53064, Korea cSteel Solution R&D C
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 278-284.
Corrosion of steel plate is common phenomenon which results in the gradual destruction caused by a wide variety of environments. Corrosion monitoring is the tracking of the degradation progress for a long period of time. Corrosion on steel plate appears a
Corrosion, GrabCut Segmentation, Gaussian Mixture Model, HSV color space, k-means clustering
aDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Hanyang University, 15588, Republic of Korea bR&D Center, Eloi MaterialL(EML), Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 285-293.
High-entropy TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating was designed to improve mold life for high temperature liquid molding. Alloy design, powder fabrication and single alloying target fabrication for the high-entropy nano-composite coating were carried out. Usin
TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating, HEA, Single alloying target, High Temperature Liquid Casting Mold
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 294-301.
As the number of cases of performance degradation owing to corrosion of plant during processing in industries increases, the cost of maintaining industrial factory is increasing year by the year. Most of the materials of the facilities are consist of stai
Corrosion, Stainless steel (SS), Corrosion rate, Austenite stainless steel
a School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Korea b Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50635, Korea c Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 302-306.
SnO2 30/Ag 15/SnO2 30 nm(SAS) tri-layer films were deposited on the glass substrates with RF and DC magnetron sputtering and then electron beam is irradiated on the surface to investigate the effect of electron bombardment on the opto-electrical perform
SnO2, Ag, Electron irradiation, X-ray diffraction, Figure of merit
1Ness Co, Busan, Republic of Korea 2Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea 3School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea 4Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Tech
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 307-314.
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is difficult to achieve sufficient adhesion because of weak bonding between DLC film and the substrate. The purpose of this study is to improve the adhesion between substrate and DLC film. DLC film was deposited on AISI H13 usin
DLC Coating, Plasma nitriding, Adhesion, Active screen
1 School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changwon National University Changwon, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51140, Korea 2Dept. of Smart Surface Procession, Namincheon Campus of KOREA POLYTECHNIC, Yeomjeon-ro
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 315-323.
In general, surface treatments of electroless Ni-P coating are extensively applied in the industry due to their excellent properties for considerable wear resistance, hardness, corrosion resistance. This study aims to determine the effect of ultrasonic c
Al2O3, Electroless deposition, Ni-P, Composite coating, Corrosion
aDepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang university, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 324-330.
As energy harvesting technology becomes important in relation to environmental issues, piezoelectric materials that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy are attracting attention. However, PZT, a representative material for piezoelectricity, is
TiO2, PTFE, Triboelectric nanogenerator, Sol-gel process, Energy harvesting
aEngineering Ceramics Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do 17303, Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 331-339.
Environmental barrier coatings(EBCs) are applied to the SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) in order to protect CMCs from being corroded with water vapor by combustion gas in gas turbine engines. Ytterbium silicates, such as ytterbium monosilicate an
Environmental barrier coatings(EBCs), Ytterbium silicate, Phase formation, Thermo-physical property
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 340-347.
Among various metal oxide semiconductors, ZnO has an excellent electrical, optical properties with a wide bandgap of 3.3 eV. It can be applied as a photocatalytic material due to its high absorption rate along with physical and chemical stability to UV
Atmospheric microwave plasma, ZnO tetrapod, Size-controlled synthesis, Methylene blue solution, Photocatalytic performance
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 348-356.
In this study, optical diagnosis of plasma was performed for nitrogen doping in graphene using a horizontal inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system. Graphene was prepared by mechanical exfoliation and the ICP system using nitrogen gas was ignited for plas
Graphene, Defect-suppressed doping, Inductively coupled plasma, Optical emission spectroscopy, Electron excitation temperature
aHeat Treatment R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gyeounggi-do 150014, Korea bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea cPoongsan Co., Ltd.,
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 357-364.
In this study, DLC films deposited by PECVD were evaluated to the properties of super-hydrophobic by CF4 treatment. The structure of DLC films were confirmed by Raman Spectra whether or not mixed sp3 (like diamond) peak and sp2 (like graphite) peak. And t
PECVD, F-DLC, Super-hydrophobic, CF4
aDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea bVacuum Materials Measurement Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea cDepartment of Energy&Advanced Material
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 365-370.
In this research, we proceeded with research on plasma resistance of the cleaning process of APS(Atmospheric Plasma Spray)-Y2O3 coated parts used for semiconductor and display plasma process equipment. CF4, O2, and Ar mixed gas were used for the plasma e
Plasma corrosion resistance, Spray coating, Cleaning, Contamination particle
1: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University 22212, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, South Korea 2: Steel Solution Research Lab., POSCO 21985, 100 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 54, No. , pp. 371-379.
The use of anti-corrosive oil (AC) is inevitable for production of industrial steels to prevent corrosion. The AC is degreased before application of steels, which crucially effects on final products, such as automobile, electricity etc. However, qualitati
Steel, Oil, Anticorrosive oil, Degrease, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University;Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 1-8.
Sulfamate-chloride baths were fabricated to study the properties of the electrodeposited Ni and NiCo thin films. The dependences of current efficiency, deposit composition of Ni and Co, residual stress, surface morphology and microstructure of electrodepo
Electrodeposition;Ni thin film;NiCo thin film;sulfamate-chloride bath;thin film properties;
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusa
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 9-14.
CuS (copper sulfide) thin films having the same thickness of 100nm were deposited on the glass substrates using by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. RF powers were applied as a process variable for the growth of CuS thin films. The structu
Covellite;CuS thin film;RF magnetron sputtering;deposition power;solar cell;
Sinwon Metal;Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Materials Engineering, Pusan National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 15-21.
In this study, growth and burning behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy was studied under constant anodic voltages at various temperatures and magnetic stirring rates in 20% sulfuric acid solution by analysing I-t curves, measuring thickness and hardness of alu
Anodizing;Anodic Oxide Film;Burning;Al6061;Sulfuric Acid;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 22-28.
In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized from KMnO4 and MnCl2·4H2O without any dispersing agents and oxidant via ultra-high pressure homogenization process. We investigated v
Manganese dioxide;Nanoparticle;CO oxidation;Catalyst;High pressure homogenizer;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 29-35.
In this study, five different specimen preparation methods were introduced and their advantages and disadvantages were presented. One of them, an epoxy mounting method has advantages of constant exposure area, ease of surface preparation without touching
Anodizing;specimen preparation method;Anodic Oxide Film;Contact resistance;Al alloy;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 36-42.
In this study, two novel methods to measure the surface hardness of anodic oxide films on aluminum alloys are reported. The first method is to impregnate oil-based ink into pores in the anodic oxide film and then to clean the ink on the surface using etha
Surface hardness;Anodic oxide film;Anodizing;Al alloy;
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dongeui university;Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dongeui university;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 43-52.
Various aging treatments were conducted on AISI 630 martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel in order to optimize aging condition. Aging treatment was carried out in the vacuum chamber of Ar gas with changing aging temperature from 380℃
AISI 630 martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel;
Advanced Materials & Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE);Advanced Materials & Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE);
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 53-58.
In this study, we developed plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process for aluminum 7075 alloy to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties. The electrolyte consists of potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Additionally, sodium stannate was adde
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation(PEO);Aluminium alloys;Oxide film;Tin oxide;Additives;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 59-66.
Effects of Na2SiO3 concentration added into 0.1 M NaOH + 0.05 M NaF solution on the formation behavior and properties of PEO films on AZ91 Mg alloy were investigated under 1200 Hz of alternating current (AC) by voltage-time curves, i
AZ91 Mg alloy;Plasma electrolytic oxidation;
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Mokpo National University;Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Mokpo National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 67-71.
For deposition technology using plasma, it plays an important role in improving film deposited with high ionization rate through high density plasma. Various deposition methods such as high-power impulse magnetron sputtering and ion-beam sputtering have b
Inductively coupled plasma;Inductively coupled plasma assisted magnetron sputtering;Hafnium nitride;
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University;Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University;3 Department of Advanced Material, Korea polytechnic;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 72-79.
Two Fe-Cr steels of T22 steel and STS430 steel were corroded at 650 and 750℃ for 100hr in sewage sludge-(0.3% SO2-6% O2-10% H2O-balance CO2) mixed gas environment. T22 steel corroded faster than STS430, i
Sewage Sludge;Corrosion;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 80-86.
This paper is concerned with type of imperfections present within the anodic oxide films on AA2024 and surface hardness of the anodic film measured after ink-impregnation. The anodic oxide films were formed for 25 min at 40 mA/㎠ and 15±0.5
Surface hardness;anodic oxide film;AA2024;ink-impregnation method;
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 87-94.
Herein, sulfonated carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been prepared in dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) via a novel sulfonation approach based on gas-liquid interfacial plasma (GLIP) at room temperature. The sulfonic acid groups and total acid
Gas-liquid interfacial plasma;Soft sulfonation;Dilute sulfuric acid;Sulfonated carbon catalysts;Cellulose transformation;
Center for Practical Use of Rare Materials, Sunchon National University;SAMWOO ECO., LTD.;SAMWOO ECO., LTD.;Center for Practical Use of Rare Materials, Sunchon National University;Center for Practical Use of Rare Materials, Sunchon National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 95-103.
In this study, the material used in the hot dip galvanizing equipment was poorly corrosion-resistant, so it was performed to solve the cost and time problems caused by equipment replacement. The theoretical calculation was performed using the DV-Xα
Erosion resistant;Fe-based alloys;Martensite phase;
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan;School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan;Advanced Forming Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;Advanced Forming Processes R&D Group, Korea In
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 104-108.
ZnO single layer films (100 nm thick) and Au intermediated ZnO films (ZnO/Au/ZnO; ZAZ) were deposited on the glass substrate by RF and DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature and then the influence of the Au interlayer on the electrical and optical pr
ZnO;Au;Sheet resistance;Visible transmittance;Optical band gap;
Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University;Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University;Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University;Department of Nanomechatronics Engineering, Pusan National Univ
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 109-115.
In this study, polycrystalline diamond was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Diamond films were deposited on a-plane sapphire substrates while changing the concentration of methane for hydrogen (CH4/H2), and the concent
a-plane sapphire substrate;Polycrystalline Diamond;MPECVD;Raman spectra;XRD;AFM;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong Natio
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 116-123.
Ion beam irradiation induces self-organization of nanostructure on the surface of polymer film. We show that the incident angle of Ar ions on polyethylene naphthalate(PEN) film changes self-organized nanostructure. PEN film was irradiated by argon ion bea
Surface treatment;Self-organized;Nanostructure;Polymer;Ion beam;Quantitative measurement;Masking by oligomer;
Machinery R&D Center, Hanwha Corporation;Machinery R&D Center, Hanwha Corporation;Machinery R&D Center, Hanwha Corporation;Machinery R&D Center, Hanwha Corporation;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 124-129.
This study is for the development of high temperature ALD SiO2 film process, optimized for gap-fill process in manufacturing memory products, using a space-divided PE-ALD system equipped with an independent control dual plasma system and orbita
Space-Divided PEALD;Gap-Fill;Deposition;High aspect ratio;Inhibitor;
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University;Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University;Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 131-137.
A series of Dy3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+/Sm3+ doped Gd2WO6 phosphors were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all of the diffraction p
Phosphor;Photoluminescence;Solid-state reaction;Gadolinium tungstate;
Anycasting;Dept. of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University;Anycasting;Dept. of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 138-143.
In this study, we produced a coil of micro-pattern that can be used for electromagnetic wave absorber, heating material, wireless charging, sensor, antenna, etc. by using electrochemical additive manufacturing method. Currently, it contains research conte
Electrodeposition;Additive manufacturing;Microcoil;Metal 3D Printer;Localization;
Gakko hojin Kitahara gakuen;Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Iwate University;Materials Function and Design, Nagoya Institute of Technology;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 144-152.
In the manufacturing process of joining of aluminum alloy and polymer, the strength of the metal-polymer joining is greatly influenced by the nanostructure of the oxide film. In this study, we investigated the dependence of joining strength on the thickne
Adhesion;Anodizing;Aluminum oxide;Porous aluminum oxide;joining strength;
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University;Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University;Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 153-159.
Photocatalytic decomposition of polyethylene film with TiO2 nanotube powders (NTs) was investigated under UV irradiation at ambient conditions. TiO2 NTs composed of individual nanotubes are prepared by rapid breakdown anodization tec
Photocatalytic degradation;
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Kangwon National University;Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Kangwon National University;Taeyang 3C;Taeyang 3C;Department of Advanced
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 160-168.
A polymer-based carbon nanomaterial composite was fabricated and characterized for the application of a thermal conductive adhesive. Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with excellent thermal conductivity such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene were s
Polymer-based composites;Carbon nanomaterials;Filler;Thermal conductive adhesive;Heat dissipation;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Department of Materials Scienc
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 169-181.
The ferroelectricity in emerging fluorite-structure oxides such as HfO2 and ZrO2 has attracted increasing interest since 2011. Different from conventional ferroelectrics, the fluorite-structure ferroelectrics could be reliably scaled
Ferroelectric;Impurity;Polymorphism;
Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Hanbat National University;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University;Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Hanbat National University;Department of M
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 182-189.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) used a transparent electrode of a photoelectric device has a low sheet resistance and a high transmittance. However, ITO is disadvantageous in that the process cost is expensive, and the process time is long. Silver nanowires (AgNWs
Transparent conductive electrodes;Silver nanowires;Shear-coating;Alignment;Meniscus;
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University;Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 190-199.
Copper pyrophosphate baths were employed in order to study the dependencies of current efficiency, residual stress, surface morphology and microstructure of electrodeposited Cu thin layers on applied current density. The current efficiency was obtained to
Electrodeposition;Cu thin layer;pyrophosphate bath;thin film properties;current density;
Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Hanbat National University;Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Hanbat National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 201-206.
A SiOxCy(-H) thin film was synthesized by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(APDBD), and a SiO2-like layer was formed on the surface of the film by oxidation treatment using oxygen plasma. Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane was used as a
Dielectric barrier discharge;Polymerization;Anti-corrosion;Silicon dioxide;Chemical vapor deposition;
Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;The Institute of Materials Technology, Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;The Institute of Materials Technology, Departments of Materials
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 207-212.
Silver is an inexpensive precious metal and is used in various jewelry in Asia. Although silver has high potential, it has corrosion resistance that is vulnerable to boiling sulfuric acid and nitric acid. So, silver research is needed to prevent the corro
Silver;ICCP;Electrochemical properties;Surface corrosion;Discolor;
School of Energy, Materials & Chemical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education;School of Energy, Materials & Chemical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education;School of Energy, Materials & Chemical Engineering Korea Univer
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 213-218.
Composite material of the graphene ball (GB) inserted graphene oxide (GO) sheet for a supercapacitor electrode was studied. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process used to make GBs on the silicon oxide nanoparticles. The GBs mixed into the GO sheets to ma
Graphene;Graphene oxide;Graphene balls;Supercapacitor;
Division of marine engineering, Graduate school, Mokpo national maritime university;Division of marine engineering, Graduate school, Mokpo national maritime university;Maritime safety training team, Korea institute of maritime and fisheries technology;Div
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 219-226.
This paper investigated the characteristics of anodized aluminum 6061-T6 alloy for corrosion and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) under natural seawater. The hard anodizing oxide film formed on the 6061-T6 was a uniform thickness of about 25 ㎛. The c
Anodizing;6061-T6;Corrosion;Stress corrosion cracking;Seawater;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Three Baba Co.;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 227-231.
This article investigated the effects of stainless steel plate-patterns bonded to aluminum frypan on the thermal distortion and surface temperature of the frypan during gas or induction heating. Two different stainless steel plate-patterns were employed:
Stainless steel plate-pattern;Aluminum frypan;Thermal distortion;Surface temperature;
Nano Materials & Nano Technology Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology;Nano Materials & Nano Technology Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology;Nano Materials & Nano Technology Center, Korea Institute of Ceram
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 232-240.
Cu2O films as a photocathode for photoelectrochemical water splitting were potentiostatically deposited on FTO glasses. The morphology and composition of the electrodeposited Cu2O films were adjusted by the applied potentials. The po
The Institute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University;The Institute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, P
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 241-248.
The change of the deposition behavior of diamond through a pretreatment process of the base metal prior to diamond deposition using HFCVD was investigated. To improve the specific surface area of the base material, sanding was performed using sandblasting
Diamond film;Boron-doped diamond;Insoluble electrode;Pretreatment;Seeding;
R&D center, YKMC Inc.;R&D center, YKMC Inc.;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 249-256.
As the size of manufacturing equipment for LCD and OLED displays increases, replacement of existing heavy stainless steel components with light metals, such as aluminum alloys, is being more important in semiconducting and display manufacturing industries
Aluminum;Oxalic acid anodizing;Hardness;Dielectric breakdown;Acid resistance;
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University;Department of Advanced Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University;Department of Advanced Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University;Department of Chemistry and Chemica
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 257-264.
Anodization of Fe and Fe alloys is one of the most promising techniques to obtain iron oxide films applying to the various electrochemical devices due to their electrochemical catalytic properties. In this study, we investigate on the preparation of anodi
Stainless steel;Tungsten oxide;Single-step anodization;Composite film;
Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 265-270.
We investigated mechanochemical radical, which is concomitant with chemical lift-off lithography(CLL), on the self-assembled monolayer(SAM)/electrodes and a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) using a colorimetric and a spectroscopic method. The 11-mercaptoundecan
Chemical Lift-Off lithography(CLL);Mechanochemistry;Self-Assembled Monolayer(SAM);Radical;Bond Breaking;
Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS);Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS);Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS);Surface Technology Division, Korea Inst
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 271-279.
Non-ferrous metals, widely used in the mechanical industry, are difficult to machine, particularly by drilling and tapping. Since non-ferrous metals have a strong tendency to adhere to the cutting tool, the tool life is greatly deteriorated. Diamond-like
Drill tool;sacrificial layer;Ion Source;DLC;Tribology;
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan;Functional Components & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan;School of Materials Science and Engineering
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 280-284.
Electron beam irradiation is widely used as a type of surface modification technology to advance surface properties. In this study, the effect of electron beam irradiation on properties, such as surface hardness, wear resistance, roughness, and critical l
TiAlN;Arc ion plating;Electron irradiation;Hardness;Roughness;
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Kangwon National University;Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Graduate School of Kangwon National University;Kangwon Research Institute of Cultural Heritage;Department
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 285-292.
Ancient cultural heritage made up of wood and organic fibers have been easily disintegrated or decomposed by various microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system to ster
Ancient cultural heritage;Sterilization;Atmospheric pressure plasma jet;Optical emission spectroscopy;Reactive oxygen species;
Energy and Environmental Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology;Energy and Environmental Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology;Energy and Environmental Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 293-299.
The characteristics of the polycarbosilane (PCS)-based composite ceramic layer was studied by controlling the curing temperature. The stress at the interface of the graphite and SiOC composite layer was evaluated v ia finite element analysis. As a result,
SiC;VDR;PCS;Graphite;Functional grading materials;Composite ceramic;
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University;Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University;Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University;Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;Departm
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 300-305.
Corrosion of reinforcement steel rebar is a serious problem in a wide range of concrete application for buildings and infrastructures. Hydrophobizing surface treatments, such as self-assembled monolayer coating, edible oil-impregnation and silicone oil-im
Corrosion;Concrete;Hydrophobicity;Oil-Impregnation;
Heat Treatment R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;Dongbu electronic materials Co., Ltd.;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University;Heat Treatment R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 306-311.
In this work, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are coated onto plasma nitrided AISI 4140 steel by DC-pulsed PECVD. One problem of DLC films is their very poor adhesion on steel substrates. The purpose of the nitriding was to enhance adhesion between the su
Plasma nitriding;DLC;Duplex treatment;Adhesion force;
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 312-321.
Morphology of porous cobalt electro-deposits was systematically investigated as functions of cobalt precursors in the plating bath and applied cathodic current density with a special focus on cobalt nano-rod formation. It was proved that the concentration
Cobalt;Porous structure;Nanorod;Cobalt sulfate;Preferential growth;
Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University;Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 322-329.
The utilization of aluminum scrap is a subject of great importance in terms of reducing energy consumption and environmental protection. However, aluminum scrap contains impurities, which can degrade the properties of aluminum alloy, especially corrosion
Al Die Casting alloys;Aluminum Scrap;Microstructure;Corrosion Resistance;Micro-galvanic Interaction;Intergranular Corrosion;
Technology Licensing Office, Institute for Research & Industry Cooperation, Pusan National University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;School of M
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 330-342.
Since the original report on ferroelectricity in Si-doped HfO2 in 2011, fluorite-structured ferroelectrics have attracted increasing interest due to their scalability, established deposition techniques including atomic layer deposition, and compatibility
ferroelectric;polarization switching kinetics;domain dynamics;hafnia;semiconductor devices;
Heat Treatment R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;Heat Treatment R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 343-350.
The degradation of mechanical properties of nitride coatings to steel substrates is one of the main challenges for industrial applications. In this study, plasma nitriding treatment was used in order to increase the mechanical properties of Mo-Cu-N coatin
MoN-Cu thin film;Single alloy target;Pulsed DC magnetron Sputtering;Nanocomposite coating;Plasma nitriding;
Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University;Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 351-359.
Formation behavior and properties of PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) film on AA2024 were investigated under application of pulsed current as a function of Na3PO4 concentration in 0.05 M Na2SiO3 solution by analyzing voltage-time behavior, in-situ obse
Plasma electrolytic oxidation;Phosphate concentration;AA2024;Anodic oxide;
Surface technology division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Surface technology division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Surface technology division, Korea Institute of Materials Science;Surface technology division, Korea Institute of Materials
KISE Journal of Korean Institute of Surface Engineering, Vol. 53, No. , pp. 360-368.
Wear resistance of cutting tools is one of the most important requirements in terms of the durability of cutting tool itself as well as the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Generally, tungsten carbide ball end mills have been processed with hard coati
ta-C;Multilayers;Wear resistance;Hardness;Elastic recovery;Diamond coating;